Project Management Success Factors

Task Management Success Factors Presentation Task is a brief, exceptional and novel undertaking having an unmistakable completion date (Project Management Institute, 2013). Undertaking achievement has been an interesting issue of discussion throughout the previous not many decades. A great deal of examination and study has been done in this regard however the outcomes are slippery instead of indisputable. The essential purpose for this is the novel nature, size and unpredictability of a task. Task achievement is an apparent idea and there is a wide dissimilarity of conclusions concerning this. Early exploration on venture achievement was finished keeping into account the brilliant triangle of time, financial plan and required degrees of value (Belassi, 1996). Inability to meet this desires/principles, the task was considered as a disappointment. Be that as it may, over the most recent two decades, the spotlight has been more on authoritative and the board achievement. The evaluation of undertaking achievement is finished by var ious intrigue gatherings (Stockholders, supervisors, clients and workers). Along these lines, appraisal of undertaking achievement must be done in agreement to various perspectives (Stuckenbruck, 1986) (Baccarini, 1999) recognized the two particular wellsprings of undertaking achievement: Undertaking Management Success Emphasizes on venture process and the fruitful achievement of brilliant triangle (cost, time and quality). Additionally, it tends to the manner in which a venture was led. Item Success-Deals with the impacts of items ultimate result. Task achievement is of prime most significance as a dominant part of the undertakings come up short, bringing about immense measures of misfortunes (assets and time). To beat this, noticeable specialists have received a two-dimensional technique for tending to extend achievement, specifically venture achievement rules and achievement factors. Undertaking CRITICAL SUCCESS CRITERIA AND CRITICIAL SUCCESS FACTORS Â â Undertaking achievement models are the arrangement of rules and guidelines used to survey the achievement or disappointments of a venture. These are reliant on a great deal of components/factors and will be dependent upon variety in recognition by various partners. Customarily, venture achievement standards were reliant on the brilliant or iron triangle (cost, time and quality). On the other hand, it was later on found that achievement models couldnt be estimated dependent on these components alone as the impression of venture achievement fluctuates from individual to individual. Besides, research additionally demonstrates that it is difficult to produce a standard particular of progress models apt for all ventures. Evaluation of venture was done on various criterias, including utility of the last task, customer fulfillment, and the likelihood of utilizing the completed undertaking (Slevin Pinto, 1986). Albeit various explores have various assessments, there is a general agreement wi th respect to the outcome regions, which covers the whole issue of venture accomplishment in the broadest sense. A portion of the key components of undertaking achievement measures are as per the following: Partners Appreciation. Client Appreciation. Increase by contracting accomplices. Increase by venture staff. Increase by clients. Customer appreciation. Time. Quality. Cost. Undertaking productivity. Undertaking the executives is the utilization of information, abilities, instruments, and strategies to extend exercises to meet the task prerequisites. (Venture Management Institute, 2013). A ton of huge examination work has been completed in the field of task the executives to distinguish and decide the basic achievement factors. Famous analysts , Pinto and Slevin were the first to build up a Project the board apparatus, named Project Implementation Plan (PIP) and recognizable proof of basic achievement factors (Slevin Pinto, 1986). These variables were generally acknowledged and furthermore utilized by different analysts (Scott-Young Samson, 2004) . Moreover, it was additionally understood that because of complexities and nuances of ventures, this strategy wasnt powerful and the Project usage instrument (PIP) was utilized to analyze the Critical achievement Factors (CSF) over various undertaking life cycles (Pinto Prescott, 1998) (Adams, 1978) (King Cleland, 1983). The different C ritical Success Factors related with the distinctive venture life cycles are as per the following: Undertaking Initiation or Conceptualization Phase: (Achievement factors-Definition of objectives, venture goals, venture rundown and customer appreciation). (Morris Hough, 1987) Undertaking Planning Phase : (Achievement factors-Scope definition, venture methodology, choice of colleagues, work breakdown structure (WBS), asset portion, customer acknowledgment and the board support). (Cleland King, 1983) (Belassi, 1996) Task Execution Phase: (Achievement factors-Scheduling, specialized works, inconvenience shooting, checking and input, advancement and quality control) (Morris Hough, 1987) Task Closing or Terminating Phase: (Achievement factors-Client input, work survey, specialized errands, customer discussion, venture reports.) (Belassi, 1996) Moreover, the achievement components can likewise be separated into significant gatherings covering all the angles and components of undertaking the board (Westerveld, 2002). These are as per the following: The executives of Human Resources: (Group and initiative, Project supervisor, partner Management) Venture Process: (Arranging, booking, controlling, checking, quality and hazard) Hierarchical Factors: (Assets , strategy , hierarchical structure) Specialized Factors: (Acquisition, Contractor, specialized works and oddity) Outer Factors: (Talented HR, experience, venture size, venture uniqueness, the board bolster structure, political dependability, condition and other regular risks) In this manner, it tends to be reasoned that venture achievement rules stresses more on the outcome situated territories, while; achievement factors center more around the authoritative regions of an undertaking (Westerveld, 2002). Simultaneously, the two of them go about as brilliant rules for the supervisory crew to detail and gadget their procedure, actualizing and executing them so as to accomplish immediate or aberrant undertaking achievement. Likewise, specialists have discovered that that human asset the board quickens ventures achievement more than specialized aptitudes (Scott-Young Samson, 2004). Venture chiefs assume a crucial job with regards to fruitful conveyance of tasks. Because of the unpredictability and uniqueness related with each venture, it is of outmost significance for an undertaking chief to create and embrace a multi-dimensional methodology. As the task chief needs to concentrate on numerous factors, it is basic for the venture director to get his supervisory group installed as fast as could be expected under the circumstances and characterize venture objectives, degree and execution plan. A venture chief must acknowledge and comprehend the customer and associations desires and structure a bespoke strategy considering the achievement measures and achievement factors.

Blah Jogging Around

As per C. Wright Mills, what happens in any one person's life is interrelated with society in general. To have sociological creative mind as characterized by Mills â€Å"To know about social stucture and to utilize it with reasonableness IS to be equipped for following such LINKAGES among incredible assortment of milieux. † The sociological creative mind helps enable us to comprehend the connection of one's own account, history, and customs alongside the information on the social and authentic impact society may have on that individual or gatherings of people.Mills thought makes us need to explore into a person's memoir and ways of life, and spot their discoveries inside the encompassing conditions where occasions happen so as to see the entire image of the general public wherein the individual lives. In Lisa J. McIntyre’s contextual investigation titled â€Å"Hernando Washington† we read about a youngster named Hernando Washington who abducts, assaults, and murd ers a multi year elderly person named Sarah Gould.When utilizing the sociological creative mind to investigate this we pose inquiries, for example, â€Å"What was the social milieu where the occasion happens? † and â€Å"what impacts did the social framework have on the person? †. Posing these inquiries, we see that Hernando lived in a zone where police movement was nearly non existent. Hernando’s sibling had been shot and sister had been assaulted with definitely no police move regularly making place. This clarifies why Hernando figured he could pull off his actions.If this could occur before then what might not be right on the off chance that he was the person who did it. We additionally observe that Hernando saw the assault he submitted as sex. He believed that since Sarah was distant from everyone else and with no male acomplise, it was alright for him to in his viewpoint engage in sexual relations with (assault) her. The sociologists perspective on Hernando did doesn’t make did alright, yet it explains why he did it. He in his correct brain with the circumstances he had been set in during his life felt this approved of the same amount of conviction as what you and me think about it being off-base.

Length for Nickel-chrome wire of a diameter Essay Example for Free

Length for Nickel-chrome wire of a measurement Essay This is on the grounds that the obstruction is high so current will be low. The wire will warm up on the grounds that the opposition is high leaving me with a decent scope of protections between 100-10cm. I will presently work out the present that would move through 1m of wire: I=V/R 3/3. 6= 0. 833 A 3/5. 3= 0. 566 A 3/15. 2= 0. 197A 3/21. 3= 0. 141A 3/35. 1= 85mAÂ This is my ideal Current. By utilizing these outcomes I currently recognize what scope of the ammeter should be. It will be that of 0-100mA. My school has ammeters that can gauge to this range. Results Length (cm) Voltage 1 (V) Current 1 (mA) Voltage2 (V) Current 2(mA)Â Measurements of distance across of wire at 20 cm interims Point estimated at (cm) Diameter estimated (mm)Final information (taking into consideration end blunder) I at that point checked the end mistake of the micrometer was +0. 04mm leaving me with the last information Percentage Errors of Apparatus Micrometer. When the width is placed into the condition A=? (d/2)2 the breadth is squared so the blunder is multiplied I. e. 10. 5% Conclusion Alessadnro Bizzarri I discovered that my expectations were right. The more extended the bit of wire, the more noteworthy the opposition. This is because of the possibility of the free moving electrons being opposed by molecules in the wire. There would be more impacts in a more drawn out bit of wire, which clarifies the expanded opposition. I additionally anticipated that the connection between the wire length and the obstruction ought to be straightforwardly corresponding in light of the fact that the line go through the beginning. I got done with a straight line chart so this forecast was additionally right. This is on the grounds that in a wire double the length of another wire, there would be twofold the quantity of molecules causing opposition. From my diagram my angle is equivalent to 41/1. 04= 39. 42? m. Gradient= 39. 42? m. By utilizing the recipe P= Gradient ? A , I can discover P. A=? (d/2) 2 = (0. 19? 10-3/2) 2 Area =2. 8? 10-8 P=2. 8? 10-8 ? 39. 42 P=110? 10-8? m Evaluation I am generally satisfied with the outcomes got. I wound up with a wide scope of results and my forecasts were demonstrated right. I anticipated that when I plotted R against l it would create a straight line experiencing the starting point. My outcomes were exact on the grounds that on my chart almost the entirety of the focuses came into contact with the line of best fit or were close. My strategies of estimating current and voltage were additionally acceptable in light of the fact that the variety between rehash readings of voltage and current at every length is little. Length (cm) Difference in voltage (V) Difference in Current (mA). The scope of protections between each perusing is enormous which gives me increasingly spread, which makes my diagram progressively precise. Assessment of results The worth I have determined for resistivity is 110? 10-8 ? /m. I looked into my information research center book and saw it as 110? 10-8. My unrounded esteem for the resistivity is 110. 3? 10-8 ? /m . This is a practically indistinguishable incentive to that found in the book. Wellsprings of mistake In this examination I experienced numerous wellsprings of blunder. The capricious thickness of wire represents one of them. In spite of the fact that I took width readings along the length of wire, there could in any case be chinks in the wire which could influence a significant number of my outcomes. The crocodile cuts which I utilized likewise expanded blunder somewhat. The crocodile cut was in contact with a superfluously huge area of the wire during the analysis. Along these lines, I was taking voltage and current readings for a marginally off base length. This is likewise mostly because of human mistake since I could have set the crocodile cut onto the specific length I needed. My micrometer additionally demonstrated to have huge wellspring of blunder. The end mistake of the micrometer I utilized was +0. 04mm. The micrometer was likewise found to have the best rate blunder. Its rate blunder was multiplied on the grounds that the distance across it was utilized to gauge was squared . (A=? (d/2)2). Estimating the length of my wire demonstrated very troublesome in light of the fact that it was difficult to get a precise perusing by eye. Despite the fact that the wire was cello taped to a meter rule there was some slackness in the wire demonstrating that there was in reality in excess of a meter there. I figured out how to abstain from getting the temperature excessively hot thus expanded precision and unwavering quality. Enhancements. A large number of upgrades could be set up if I somehow happened to re-try this investigation. I would purchase a wire, which has a similar breadth right through. I could likewise discover an improvement to the crocodile cuts. Rather than the clasps I could utilize a racer key. The length of wire which I would gather information for would be a great deal precise as racer key comes into contact with the wire over a little separation contrasted with the crocodile cuts. Further work A potential hotspot for additional work is examining the impact of the cross sectional region of the wire with opposition. Utilizing the condition R=pl/An as Y=mx+c. Plotting R against l/An again I could foresee another straight line and the resitivity would be found. This would be the equivalent for nickel Chrome. I could likewise check whether the conditions R? l and R? l/An are valid for different kinds of wire. List of sources Physics by Tom Duncanâ Salters Horners propelled Physics Collins progressed particular sciences Show review just The above see is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism segment.

Green Buildings - Free Essay Example

DEPARTMENT OF BUILDING FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY BLDG 501 ASSIGNMENT BY MOHAMMED O. MUBARAK U05BD1041 2010 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 Q1-CONCEPT OF GREEN BUILDING/ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY BUILDINGS G reen Building is a holistic approach to programming planning, designing, and constructing (or renovating) buildings and sites. Green building is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are nvironmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a buildings life-cycle from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Green building is also known as a sustainable or high performance building. Besides that, all liabilities of materials, water and energy waste, and pollution emissions are converted into economic opportunitie s through the realization of environmentally sound, healthier and cost effective project. Green building design is a concept that is still at its infancy stage, but one that has been successful in utilizing different aspects of construction, planning, and building technologies that have come up to reduce the environmental impact known to be caused by buildings. The recent past has seen a lot of attention in almost all sectors which not only focus on the green building design but also on the duty of restructuring old patterns to create a healthy and more sustainable environment. Away from the green building design and the use of some building materials in favor of those considered to have little or no impact at all on the environment, the building and construction industry has also seen a shift in how new buildings are designed and meant to function. U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 2 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 Green Architectural concept (take note of the roof lighting) Ar eas of application of Green Buildings There are five major areas of application of a sustainable building design, namely: 1. Sustainability 2. Materials 3. Energy efficiency 4. Land use and 5. Waste reduction Sustainability Building green does not only involve designing a structure for its present use but also for its future uses. A flexible building can be ‘renovated and recycled’ severally over its lifetime. If for whatever reason some technical issues of a construction prevent the main building to be used for a new function, the materials used in the building therefore should be designed in such a way that they will facilitate ease of reprocessing and recycling of the materials. U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 3 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 Materials Typically, a building uses up various materials in the process of building. Green architecture minimizes the reliance on resource intensive materials and products and use earth-friendly, efficient, and recyclabl e materials. Green concept showing the use of insulated Curtain walls which also provides adequate daylight Energy Efficiency An equally crucial aspect of sustainable architecture is the incorporation of energy efficient conservation ways and mechanical systems. Sustainable buildings are designed in such a way that they will get rid of, or minimize the reliance on fossil fuels. Further, green designs help reduce waste by implementing viable solutions and sustainable energy strategies. U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 4 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 Green concept showing how ventilation can be achieved with minimum use of energy Land Use The building orientation as well as the selection of a site equally has a crucial role to play in sustainable building design. Typically, a sustainable building will be located to utilize the environment and the climate. Such conditions have an impact on the efficiency of the society in general and of course the building. Waste Reduction A gre at amount of waste is produced by the mere process of building. Green architecture sees to it that modular systems of building, efficient material usage, as well as use of recycled products help reduce the amount of waste created. A truly green building would create very negligible amounts of waste during the building process and ultimately while in use. Therefore, the effect on the environment and on the resources is significantly reduced. U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 5 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 Benefits of a Sustainable Building Design Basically, a sustainable building will rely on a special design, known as sustainable building design that underscores the efficient and effective use of renewable and recyclable resources in everything right from the water systems, building materials, as well as energy and heating systems. As such, it would mean that the siting, the building design, the process of construction, the maintenance of the building’s operations and so orth will create a very minimal negligible impact on the environment. A Sustainable environment can only be achieved therefore if the best building practices are effected in the sustainable building design. The design ensures that every upcoming building has to achieve sustainability measures and standards which may include reducing production of waste, reducing pollution, efficient use of resources such as energy, heat, and water and finally protecting the health of the people who will end up occupying the sustainable building eventually. The Role of a Green Builder in Green Home Building Sustainable building or green building if you like has become a widespread trend today in the midst of diminishing resources and increased awareness and concerns about the environment. U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 6 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 It is therefore not uncommon to find a realtor become a ‘nominated green agent’ while a contractor becomes a ‘nominated green b uilder’. Real estate buyers today are after energyefficient sustainable homes as they have proven to be easy and cheap to maintain. In fact, it has become somewhat a show of status to buy or have a green home. Further, it is due to the realization of the importance of green buildings that even some governments, like the US government, extends tax breaks to people who own green homes. Q2- Technical problems experienced by project managers in the building production process at any construction site 1. Large construction projects, such as an office building or an industrial complex, are often too complicated for one person to manage. 2. These managers coordinate and supervise the construction process from the conceptual development stage through final construction, making sure that the project gets completed on time and within budget, therefore failure to do so become a technical problem. 3. Failure of dividing works into various segments: site preparation, including clear ing and excavation of the land, installing sewage systems, and landscaping and road construction; building construction, including laying foundations and erecting the structural ramework, floors, walls, and roofs; and building systems, including protecting against fire and installing electrical, plumbing, air-conditioning, and heating systems. 4. Construction managers not been able to determine the labor requirements of the project and, in some cases, supervise or monitor the hiring and dismissal of workers. 5. They are responsible for obtaining all necessary permits and licenses and, depending upon the contractual arrangements, for directing or monitoring compliance with building and safety codes, other regulations, and requirements set by the projects insurers. . Although the work usually is not inherently dangerous, injuries can occur and construction managers must be careful while performing onsite services. U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 7 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 Q3-RE ASONS WHY NIGERIA HAS NOT BEEN ABLE TO PRODUCE INDIGINOUS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS NEEDEDEVEN AFTER OVER 40 YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE 1. Nigeria lacks the technological capacity to venture into the manufacture of construction materials without outside help. This is due to the poor standard of education in the country. 2. Corruption: this has to do with the disease of greediness which has infected most Nigerians in high places who might actually be able to pull this off, but end up seeing the idea of constructing indigenous construction materials as an opportunity to exploit other stakeholders (the general public included). 3. Demand and Supply: few Nigerians who have embarked on journeys to manufacture construction plants and equipments realize that there is low demand for heavy equipment in most parts of the country, which is why few users of such equipments prefer to purchase foreign equipments which they feel are more reliable. Where there is no demand, there would be no supply. 4. The interest rate of such a venture is also minimal. This problem can also be attributed to the demand and supply of indigenous construction materials. U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 8 BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 2010 REFERENCE ? Dahiru, D. (2009): â€Å"Building Construction Lecture Notes† Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria. ? Karolides, A. (2002): â€Å"Green Building Approaches in Green Building†: Project Planning Cost Estimating, RS Means Co Ltd; USA Pp 1 – 22. Dahiru, D. : â€Å"GREEN BUILDINGS KEY TO SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIROMENT IN NIGERIA† Department of Building, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Nigeria. ? https://truthdive. com/2009/06/05/the-concept-of-green-buildings/ ? https://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Construction_%28disambiguation%29 ? Boahen A 1966. Topics in West African History. London: Longman Group Limited. ? https://online. onetcenter. org/link/summary/11-9021. 00 U05BD1041 / BLDG 501 Page 9

Irregularities in Othello - 1716 Words

Irregularities in Othello The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay. In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello: Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arises from the fact that this leaves no time for her to have had â€Å"stol’n hours of lust,† certainly not to have enjoyed them repeatedly, as Iago alleges. In such allusions to frequent adultery as III.iii.340-43 and V.ii.211-12, Shakespeare slides over†¦show more content†¦It presents the general as an inconsistent character, unable to control his feelings at this time even though he has a hundred previous times controlled his feelings in exemplary fashion, in the manner of a general. In her book, Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the impropriety of the general’s treatment: Here time present, in which Desdemona speaks and sings, and time future, in which we know she (like Barbary) is to die from an absolute fidelity to her intuition of what love is and means, recede even as we watch into a lost time past, when Desdemona had a mother and all love’s agonies and complexities could be comprehended in a song. A song moreover, bringing to her consciousness the sheltered world in which she grew up, now balanced beside the world she chose. In that other world, her husband might have been a Venetian gentleman, someone like Lodovico perhaps – â€Å"a proper man,† she confides to Emilia – such a man as surely would never strike his wife in public or humiliate her in private as a common prostitute? (132) Is it logical for the hero to switch from his initial attitude toward his wife (â€Å"As this that I have reachd: for know, Iago, / But that I love the gentle Desdemona†) to one of total distrust -- even after Emilia assures him that there has been no opportunity for the unfaithfulness of which she is accused? OTHELLO. You have seen nothing then? EMILIA. NorShow MoreRelated The Dual Nature of Characters in Othello Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages The Dual Nature of Characters in Othellonbsp;nbsp; In Shakespeares tragedy, Othello, Iago is uncharacteristically honest when he says I am not what I am. However, he is not the only character whose appearance differs from the reality. Nonetheless, he is possibly the only person who intends this duplicity. Unfortunately everyone is under the impression that Iago is honest and just. Once alone, Iago reveals when devils will the blackest sins put on, they do suggest at first with heavenlyRead MoreHamlet, Prince Of Denmark1869 Words   |  8 Pagesin his essay. They are discussed below: The play Hamlet, core more on characters, not on action, using soliloquies. There is no strong sub-plot if we compare Hamlet with the other plays of Shakespeare like Macbeth or Othello. Play is full of seeing discontinuation and irregularities of action. The play lasts much more than usual plays at that time.(4 hours to 2 hours) According to Eliot that the failure of the drama lies not simply with the adaptation, plot construction and versification, but moreRead MoreShakespeare vs Dryden3975 Words   |  16 Pageswork between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying qualityRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesenvironment really saved? †¢ Germany’s solar subsidies, perhaps the most wasteful green scheme on earth, produce a mere 0.25 percent of the country’s energy and cost consumers as much as $125 billion. †¢ November’s â€Å"climategate† affair over irregularities in the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations body whose findings are the basis of all climate policy. Though a review panel has since cleared the researchers of most allegations, the lingering controversy

The Politics of Spying Essay - 1177 Words

Introduction This essay will consider the politics of spying. It will discuss examples of espionage as well as its necessity. The paper will also debate upon whether spying is an invasion of privacy and there for rights, or not. The essay begins by defining espionage. It offers examples of espionage and how it has been used by different countries in the past as well as how it is increasingly used today on a global scale. The paper concludes by offering the authors comments on spying as well as confirming or disconfirming its use as a tool in international relations 1.1. Defining espionage The definition of espionage according to different sources. .the use of secret agents to steal information from other governments, enemies and†¦show more content†¦Another reason why spying is seen as such a9 necessity is because it helps states when it comes to creating foreign policy. By knowing what goes on within the borders of another state, the said states know if they should relax or tighten controls on their foreign policy. The other large role spying plays is during meetings in which heads of military strategies how they will fight in a certain war or the battle tactics they will use to invade a state. One of the more basic uses of spying which is used within a state’s borders and within relations with states is for information gathering. many articles have come out in recent years which revolve around how the United States of America have been spying on their European allies as well as their heads of state for example the NSA was spying on German chancellor Angela Merkel. Most states belong to international governmental organisations such as the UN within these organisations representatives of states meet within a neutral setting and debate foreign policy as well as global issues. Here espionage is used quite frequently between the states for various reasons. 2.2. Espionage is an invasion of privacy. Espionage as a major invasion of privacy especially spying on a civilian population because all humans have a right to privacy and spying on people then infringes on this basic human right. Espionage between states is also seen as an invasion of privacy as whatShow MoreRelatedNSA Spying - What is Metadata and What Does the Law Say?1384 Words   |  6 PagesNSA Spying - What is Metadata and What Does the Law Say? Technology is in everything we do from using our home refrigerator, washer, cellular device, automobile, and or computer systems. When using certain devices you pass information to others pertaining to personal and private information. This information or metadata could be a bank account or credit card number, pin, and or password that we unconsciously share. We randomly give away this information at a dentist or doctor’s office, the localRead MoreShould Theu.s. Be Spying On Its Friends? U.s. Government?1195 Words   |  5 PagesShould the U.S. be spying on its friends? The U.S. government and so many of governments spy on their friends and enemies; the indignant news shocks leaders. October. 25, 2013, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany met with European leaders in Brussels express the concern about American spying. Germany was angry at the U.S. government for spying on Chancellor Angela Merkel. At the same time, Brazil and Mexico were also concerned that the National Secur ity Agency is overhearing about their leadersRead MoreThe Impact of the Watergate Scandal 1366 Words   |  6 Pageswith Vietnam, Beijing, and Russia to improve international relations (Emery 4). Raising international toughness made Nixon seem like the most worthy person to stay president. Fred Emery analyses in his novel Watergate: The Corruption of American Politics and the Fall of Richard Nixon, the president was also setting up the first summit meeting in history with Soviet Union Presidents (3). There seemed to be nothing capable of holding the seemingly responsible man back. However, this assurance cameRead MoreHamlet: The Epitome of Timeless Literature Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough it followed the same pattern; a king is killed by his brother who then marries his wife, in the meanwhile the prince has to avenge his father while avoiding being killed by the new king. Shakespeare’s innovation of adding in the aspect of politics drives the play to be a successfu l hit in every decade. People can always relate to deception, and Shakespeare has done it both politically and personally. It starts off with political deception by finding out that the king is dead and Claudius hasRead MoreAnalysis of Defense Intelligence Agency999 Words   |  4 Pagestoo, according to the same source. With the budget deficits, the DIA budget didn’t authorized to expand its payroll. It is said DIA rather reassigned its existing people to clandestine spying instead. Instead of focusing on wars in country like Afghanistan, the DIA now started focusing on emerging threats (e.g. spying on Islamist militants). According to another source, even today, DIA provides important information on foreign military intelligence, political assessments, troop movement, weapons distributionRead MoreThe Works of George Orwell1347 Words   |  5 Pagesjoined the military service for five years before he returned to England and began his writing career. George Orwell is able to influence so many people today because of his relatablitity. Normally the people who talk about the dangers of government spying are politicians who are part of that elite class. George Orwell, on the other hand, was not able to afford the highest education possible and had to face numerous struggles during his youth. The most prevalent of these were his constant battle withRead More Analysis of In the Lake of the Woods by Tim OBrien Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesJohn is very expressive with parts of her body that he wanted to be at one with, which leads me to believe that he possibly could have eaten Kathy. It is to our knowledge that John was afraid of losing Kathy. His fear of loss led him onto the path of spying on her. At first he felt guilt for his doing, yet he got satisfaction in it. ?A quick powerful rush. He knew things he shouldn?t know.? John is lost without Kathy, ?he said she was his compass?. John compared his love with Kathy as two snakes. ? LikeRead MoreEdward Snowden Film Review Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesNSA life behind him. He rejoins his wife and settles his life. After a while he rejoins the FBI after his first mentor convinces him to be a part of a project in Hawaii. He decides to go. The second plot point is when he finds out his superiors are spying on him. Act III begins with him trying to get the files from the FBI to release them to the press. He succeeds and then proceeds to tell the media and begins to run away from the government. Till he becomes stranded in Moscow. The movie ends withRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Dangers Of Power Through A Totalitarian Government1186 Words   |  5 Pagesstrongly displayed the theme of the dangers of power through a totalitarian government. Not only were Orwell’s ideas of corruption in an all-powerful government portrayed in his novel, 1984, but comparisons can be made with the story’s points of a spying authority, keeping the lower class ignorant, and an unscrupulous corporate influence with America’s power-heads today. Big Brother could be considered the main antagonist of George Orwell’s 1984. Serving as a constant watchmen over the citizensRead MoreDemocratic Peace Theory1319 Words   |  6 Pagesdecide is bad because the average person does not think rationally, they think emotionally which leads to more problems. Take the Cold War of the United States against the USSR as an example of how emotions almost destroyed two nations. People were spying on their own family members out of fear of being branded a communist and the fear of nuclear annihilation was ever present danger that children were doing drills in case of nuclear fallout. Had it not been for Gorbachev assuming power in Russia and

The Environmental and Natural Resources Samples for Students

Question: Identify at least Ten Sustainability Issues that you belive are Important in Engineering ? Answer: Introduction Issues related to Environmental and natural resources have increasingly gained importance in the recent half of the 20th century and the onset of the 21st century. The ever increasing populations across the world have resulted in an escalating burden on natural resources such as water bodies, land, and air. Thus concerns on the survival of these natural resources regarding the increasing human population is becoming a global issue(A.K. Mehrotra 2008, 234). Sustainability is the study of how the systems that exist naturally persistently operate to produce the requirements for the ecosystem entirely to remain in a state of equilibrium. There are pillars which contribute to the social science of sustainable existence i.e. the social, economic and environmental pillars. Thus the problems associated with these pillars forms the issues particularly in engineering fields, and a formidable action should be taken to avert possible threats to sustainability(Bobok 2009, 556). Abstract This paper focuses on the various sustainability issues that are related to oil and gas industry. These problems pose threats to the existence of sustainable development both to and should be taken seriously for the betterment of future of humankind. Some of the possible measures that should be taken to combating some of these issues are also discussed. Further, the factors that have contributed to the cause of the major issue of the greenhouse gas emission is elaborated(Bobok 2009, 560). Findings There exist numerous issues associated with the petroleum industry. They include Environmental issues such as the greenhouse gas emissions. Oil and gas companies produce a high level of greenhouse gasses as contrasted with other sectors. Oil production entails various processes such as venting, the release of natural gas (methane) and flaring. These gasses are toxic since; ethane is twenty-five times more potential to promoting global warming than carbon IV oxide .besides, the drilling, and production process entail the full spread application of various engine systems and compressors which emit a larger percentage of greenhouse gas. Although regulations on greenhouse gas emission have been put into place and other policies in different countries that chiefly produce oil and gas, predominant laws are significantly hindered in the leading economies such as Canada and USA(Borho 2009, 672). General climate change- climate change is also another critical issue associated with oil and gas industry. Just like other fossils, the production and transportation of oil and its use have very many impacts to the environment. The production of oil results to pollution of air, emission of harmful gasses such as methane into the atmosphere thus resulting in greenhouse gasses effect and destruction of the wilderness. These impacts consequently lead to change in the climate, and with time, it becomes even a threat to the oil and gas production sector itself. Moreover, the emission of carbon IV oxide gas into the atmosphere results in the formation of a thick coating layer or global warming thereby increasing the temperatures in the earths atmosphere(Borho 2009, 675). Land disruption- despite being one of the major contributors in the energy sector, oil production causes severe soil pollution from its output to transportation. Oil spillage on land deprives the soil of its minerals thus rendering it infertile and posing a significant threat to agriculture and the economic development of a country at large. The production of oil at the offshore has produced large oil spillage including a major spillage from Nova Scotia offshore that destroyed the Gulf of Mexico back in 2010(Boyun Guo 2011, 198). The spread of toxic materials- the production of oil involve the use of very many chemicals which are toxic in nature. In cases of oils spillage, this spillage may affect marine life either through inhaling, ingestion of or through direct contact. Some of these chemicals when inhaled may cause suppression of the immune system and in some cases cancer which consequently results in reproductive collapse. Also, other organs such as the brain, kidney and the liver may get damaged(Congrui Jin 2016, 872). Disruption of the scenic views and the clear night skies the machinery involved in the oil production process as well as the gas flares destroys the scenic values which in turn affects major traveling aircraft routes. An example is the Americas oil and gas boom that is even clear when viewed from space in which the oil fields of Bakken burns nearly as shining as Minneapolis and Chicago city. Below is a picture showing the effect(DR. John C. Reis 2013, 554). Irreversible damage to land the construction operations that are associated with gas and oil drilling always leave an irreversible impact on the area. Thus it becomes hard for the development of roads and well pad. These damages not only destroy the habitats of land animals but also leads to increased erosion and stripping of the vegetation. Below is how this oil and gas production effect impacts the ground(DR. John C. Reis 2013, 266). Air and water pollution- the emission of the toxic gasses compromises the clean air that is inhaled. As a result of lack of proper strategy on dealing with the emitted gasses, they are permitted to flow into the atmosphere or even in water sources. This results in pollution since the plant life is cut short. Besides, the in the western states these forms of pollution are turning into the ground level; ozone layer increasing the number of organic compounds which set back human beings and the plants(David S. Goldstein 2011, 177). Corruption in the petroleum industry there exist little if no transparency and accountability in the oil sector as most revenues does not get published and most the payments that are made to the government to exploit the resources always stays unconcealed. Often, the hunt for sources of oil results to operations in areas that are characterized by political unsteadiness, dishonest business dealings, and violence. Though such places in most cases provide strong prospects for development, the firm standard prices are likely to degrade as soon as investors become unrelaxed with political instability for fear of chaos erupting.(David S. Goldstein 2011, 998). Deteriorating biodiversity- most of the plant, land and sea life is affected by the oil and gas production. Increased vehicle traffic at the gas and oil production sites substantially leads to noise pollution in the wild lands. These wild animals and the birds respond by fleeing away and may be vulnerable to roadkill. Moreover, during nesting and breeding season the songbird communication is affected as well as the alteration of dynamics of the prey and the predator(ESOMBA 2008, 543). Health and safety issues health and security operations that are free from incidences are an essential factor to increased productivity and efficiency at large. Both the processes taking place at the offshore and onshore have high possibilities of health and safety occurrences which can have devastating consequences. An incident that occurred in the Macondo offshore explosion in 2010 claimed the lives of 11 people while many sustained injuries. Also, since the production process involves emissions of gasses that increases the temperatures, there are high risks of fire outbreaks that may lead to deaths(Engineers 2013, 890). Solutions to some of the Challenges Health and safety issues as discussed above, the health problems related to the oil production process mostly occur at the offshore. Moreover, the high temperatures expose humans to high risks of deaths as a result of the fire. The best strategy to curb this problem is automation of these processes. This will ensure that all the processes that are involved from the production process to the transportation are automated and do not require the presences of a human. This reduces the chances of injuries to people in cases of any outbreaks(Engineers 2013, 321). A case study is the shell, Rockwell oil and gas plant. Philip Tracy states that oil and gas producers are working hard to ensure they drill through a period manifested by a historically lower power barrel oil costs. Thus its more crucial to reducing the maintenance and repair costs. In that line, shell plant has gone more digital to producing slightly over 25000 wells worldwide, and many of the wells are situated in challenging areas i.e. over a thousand meters underground. They have managed to solve this by applying a smart field technology which involves the installation of communication systems such as sensors on its equipments(Environment 2012, 511). For example, the pumps and the valves, the primary function of theses sensors is to detect the changes in various variables such as temperature, pressures among other parameters then sends signals to the control system which may be a programmable logic control to take an appropriate action. Furthermore, the engineers get to monitor and optimize each process. When the sensors are incorporated it means that the duty that would have been performed by people is taken care of thus there are almost zero chances of accidents happening, or in case there is an accident here will be no casualties(Environment 2012, 515). This technology has promoted an increased production of oil and gas commodities as well as minimizing the downtime and improvement of the overall oil and gas recovery. Furthermore, the overall production costs are reduced while reducing the risks that are associated with health which is a greater benefit(Speight 2016, 422). Philip Tracy further proceeds to explain that the process involved in converting the hydrocarbons which are turned in the underground into gas to be used for filling personal cars is very involving. Hence all the process starting from the extraction, the refining processes, and transportation to gas station necessitates high efficiency and reliability which is seen in the Rockwell Automation on how they have managed to tackle the complex situations. They are using Microsoft services in the field which entails a combination of sensors, software and solution based on a cloud to predict and analyses the material failure, monitor the performance as well as improving the designs while preventing future breakdowns(Environment 2012, 520). According to Rockwell, one pump in the offshore rig can bring operations to a stop and result in a loss of $100000 to $ 300000 in a single day. Thus the smart drilling system is of much benefit. The Rockwell Company is also underway with processes of providing smart gas pumps which will be able to collect data and convey it on a dashboard to be viewed by Android, PC or windows phone user. Greenhouse emissions- the gasses from greenhouse emissions are harmful and toxic to the environment. They are as a result of some activities that control measures have been neglected, and they primarily affect both human and the atmosphere adversely. The carbon and methane gas emissions eventually lead to increased global warming and consequently change the climate. Therefore, appropriate measures should be put into place into the oil and gas plants to reduce their emissions(Sohrab Zendehboudi 2016, 326). For instance, a case study on a program that fights for the environmental standard, ExxonMobil recognizes that the venting emissions in 2015 was approximated to be six million metric tons of carbon iv oxide and have been radically reduced due to the measures applied. The fugitive and venting measures primarily methane is averagely 5 % of the direct greenhouse gas emissions and the putting up of cost effective measures such as substituting the high bleed pneumatic devices using a minimized radiation technology and leading the greenhouse completions towards the upstream operations has effectively worked(Erik Eberhardt 2007, 333). Furthermore, an XTO energy company manages the carbon and methane emissions by applying containment practices during the process of drilling, completion as well as during the production operations. The emissions are additionally regulated by a mixture of regulatory and voluntary actions such as the implementations of leak detection techniques and maintenance programmers. These are aided through the uses of sensors which will help to sense the changes during the production and transportation process. Furthermore after the drilling operations of a new well, the workers ensure proper preparation of the production equipments by making sure that the products of the natural gas are confined by the product material by optimizing the sensors and imaging cameras, the leakage parts that would not be quickly realized or visible are easily located and appropriate measures are taken(G.G. Nasr 2014, 810). Another test that helps to curb the greenhouse emission effects is the cogeneration technology which seizures the heat that is produced during the oil and gas production .the cogeneration facilities contribute to minimizing the gas emissions, and they approximately prevent 6 million metric tons of the greenhouse emissions annually. In conclusion, promoting the construction of the cogeneration facilities will greatly help to minimize the greenhouse gas emissions, already the ExxonMobil has started the construction of an 84-megawatt cogeneration facility in Singapore sites(G.G. Nasr 2014, 813). Land use pattern and biodiversity-most of the plant, land and sea life is affected by the oil and gas production. Increased vehicle traffic at the gas and oil production sites substantially leads to noise pollution in the wild lands. These wild animals and the birds respond by fleeing away and may be vulnerable to roadkill. Moreover, during nesting and breeding season the songbird communication is affected as well as the alteration of dynamics of the prey and the predator. Moreover, oil production causes severe land pollution from its output to transportation. Oil spillage on land deprives the soil of its minerals thus rendering it infertile and posing a significant threat to agriculture and the economic development of a country at large. The of production oil at the offshore has produced large oil spillage including a major spillage from Nova Scott offshore that destroyed the Gulf of Mexico back in 2010(Saleh 2015, 76). Thus, appropriate measures such as the use of downhole oil and water separation techniques, these techniques ensures that water and oil are separated when still within the wellbore so that only gas or oil that contains little amount of water is conveyed to the surface. This is aided by the use of downhole monitoring equipments and cables(Howard B. Bradley 2007, 294). Also, the treatment of the water from the oil plant before being taken into the atmosphere. Once the water is treated, it will be very safe to use in agricultural operations such as irrigation or any other secondary industrial operations. Moreover, the treated water can also be used beneficially in fire operations .a case study is in the western USA where reports have it that larger amounts of the produced water are used as sources of firefighting operations at Colorado and Durango .furthermore, the reusing of the water is also an important measure. When the water is reused once again in the production process, both the plant and marine life will not be affected since there are no emissions(Huacan Fang 2014, 447). Other measures of curbing land and water pollution are the freeze-thaw evaporation process whereby individual process such as a freezing and conventional evaporations of the produced water is applied. The produced water is cooled at very low temperatures such that it starts to crystallize. After that, the ice is collected and melted to produce clean water for use(Rusco 2010, 200). Contributing Factors of Greenhouse Emission The challenge associated with greenhouse emissions have been mostly provided by the original design of the oil and gas plants .the design of the system does not allow for an appropriate measure to curb the emissions from being permitted into the atmosphere. Engineers have played a role in propagating this challenge and if not keenly looked into it will have adverse effects shortly. There is no proper measure that was employed during the design, and thus the carbon and methane gasses freely go into the atmosphere and consequently result in global warming and climate change. If appropriate measures such as rechanneling of the carbon and emissions into underground storage channels were put into place during the design process, this issue would not be a factor(Hurst 2009, 835). Furthermore, the design has not fully incorporated the use of efficient technologies to avert the problems that may be associated with fire or accidents from the oil and gas plant. For instance the oil spillage at the offshore. If the control devices such as the sensors were incorporated into the design, then it would have been easy to notice a situation where there are leakages and thus preventing the occurrences of accidences and deaths. Thus new technologies if adopted would help solve these challenges(John R. Fanchi 2016, 118). Other factors that have contributed to the lack of proper regulations on the production of oil and gas production companies. There are many oil and gas production plants worldwide which produce petroleum oil in large quantities annually. Bearing in mind that it is all these processes that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions starting from the extraction, production and transportation process. Despite all theses, there have been limited regulations which would help to avert the greenhouse gas emissions(Mahto 2016, 721). If there were conditions that a company should meet to embark on the production process, the emissions would have been reduced with its general accompanying effects. For instance, if these enterprises would be required to embrace the cogeneration technology which seizures the heat that is produced during the oil and gas production. Setting up a cogeneration facility before the setting of the plant as a requirement would be of much significance(Mian 2007, 532). Besides, putting up of cost effective measures such as substituting the high bleed pneumatic devices using a minimized emission technology and directing the greenhouse completions towards the upstream operations has effectively worked as a limit would consequently help to curb this challenge(Norman Myers 2013, 184). Conclusion Issues related to the oil and gas production should be taken into keen consideration to prevent adverse effects from occurring in the near future. Primarily these challenges contribute to global warming and climate change which is not desirable for both plant and human life. Thus applying some of the recommended measures would help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and other resulting impacts(world 2010, 377). References A.K. Mehrotra, R.K. Singhal. 2008. Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. new york: CRC Press. Bobok, E. 2009. Fluid Mechanics for Petroleum Engineers. westminster: Elsevier,. Borho, Todd. 2009. Making The Oligarchy Obsolete Defining Problems of Coercion and Seeking Voluntary Solutions. chicago: Lulu.com. Boyun Guo. 2011. Petroleum Production Engineering, A Computer-Assisted Approach. manchester: Gulf Professional Publishing,. Congrui Jin, Gianluca Cusatis. 2016. New Frontiers in Oil and Gas Exploration. london: Springer,. David S. Goldstein, Rhonda A. Jones. 2011. Petroleum Engineering Practice Problem Manual. chicago: Professional Publications. John C. Reis, Ph.D. 2013. Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering. london: Gulf Professional Publishing,. Engineers, Society of Petroleum. 2013. Journal of Petroleum Technology: Official Monthly Publication of the Petroleum Branch. new york: AIME. Environment, National Council for Science and the. 2012. The Climate Solutions Consensus:. carlisle: Island Press. Erik Eberhardt, Doug Stead, Tom Morrison. 2007. Rock Mechanics: Meeting Society's Challenges and Demands,. chicago: CRC Press,. ESOMBA, STEVE Dr. 2008. LASTING SOLUTION TO OIL-AND-FOOD CRISES. chicago: Lulu.com. G.G. Nasr, N.E. Connor. 2014. Natural Gas Engineering and Safety Challenges: Downstream Process, Analysis, Utilization and Safety. london: Springer International Publishing. Howard B. Bradley, Fred W. Gipson. 2007. Petroleum engineering handbook. new york: Society of Petroleum Engineers,. Huacan Fang, Menglan Duan. 2014. Offshore Operation Facilities: Equipment and Procedures. chicago: Gulf Professional Publishing. Hurst, William. 2009. Advances in petroleum engineering. new york: PenWell Pub. Co. John R. Fanchi, Richard L. Christiansen. 2016. Introduction to Petroleum Engineering. carlisle: John Wiley Sons. Mahto, Vikas. 2016. Khanna's Objective Questions in Petroleum Engineering. edinburgh: Khanna Publishing. Mian, Mohammed A. 2007. Petroleum Engineering Handbook for the Practicing Engineer, Volume 1. london: PennWell Books,. Norman Myers, Scott Spoolman. 2013. Environmental Issues and Solutions: A Modular Approach. london: Cengage Learning,. Rusco, Frank. 2010. Oil and Gas Management: Interior's Oil and Gas Production Verification Efforts . leicester: DIANE Publishing,. Saleh, Tawfik A. 2015. Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. chicago: IGI Global. Shulk, bernard F. 2002. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States . manchester: DIANE Publishing. Sohrab Zendehboudi, Alireza Bahadori. 2016. Shale Oil and Gas Handbook: Theory, Technologies, and Challenges. new york: Elsevier Science. Speight, James G. 2016. Deep Shale Oil and Gas. chicago: Elsevier Science Technology. world, Petroleum. 2010. Petroleum Engineering Handbook ..., Issue 1. london: Petroleum world

The Inability To Provide For His Family, And Why It Drove Mr. Shimerda

The Inability to Provide for His Family, and Why it Drove Mr. Shimerda to Suicide My Antonia, by Willa Cather, is a novel about Jim Burden and his relationship and experiences growing up with Antonia Shimerda in Nebraska. Throughout the book Jim reflects on his memories of Nebraska and the Shimerda family, often times in a sad and depressing tone. One of the main ways Cather is able to provoke these sad emotions within the reader is through the suicide of Antonia's father, Mr. Shimerda. His death was unexpected by everyone and it is thought that homesickness is what drove him to take his own life. Homesickness was surely felt by Mr. Shimerda, as it was by many, but it was the failure to adequately find a way to provide for his family that sent Mr. Shimerda into a depressing downward spiral that left him no foreseeable alternative but to take his own life. The first descriptions of Mr. Shimerda are that of a successful businessman that had always provided well for his family. I noticed how white and well-shaped his own hands were. They looked calm, somehow, and skilled. His eyes were melancholy, and were set back deep under his brow. His face was ruggedly formed, but it looked like ashes - like something from which all the warmth and light had dried out. Everything about this old man was in keeping with his dignified manner (24) Mr. Shimerda was indeed a prosperous man in Bohemia, but had made his living in the business world, not by running a farm to provide for his family's needs. His hands show that he rarely performed hard manual labor, but that he did work hard with his hands to weave. His face however shows signs that he was already having doubts about the welfare of his family and their survival. The apparent glow that he must have once had was now replaced by the look of heavy thoughts. This came from the burden of providing for his family by way of very unfamiliar and difficult means. He had already lost a great deal of money in the family's traveling expenses and overpaid for their property. They paid way too much for the land and for the oxen, horses and cookstove (22). Mr. Shimerda must not have thought that he would have to support his family by means of plowing fields for food and actually building a home from materials gathered from the earth. He was a businessman and made a life for his famil y in Bohemia by working. He was a weaver by trade; had been a skilled work man on tapestries and upholstery materials (22). There was no work for him in this new country and he did not have the money to relocate his family. Certainly before he left Bohemia he believed that they had more than enough money to get by. The reality of his family's circumstances was just beginning to show their impact. Antonia points out to Jim that Mr. Shimerda looks ill My papa sick all the time Tony panted as we flew. He not look good, Jim (36). It is obvious that Mr. Shimerda was terribly stressed and was staring to show it physically. Most likely he looked ill due to not sleeping and eating. Nevertheless, Mr. Shimerda wanted desperately do the best that he could for his family. He moved his family with the hopes of finding good husbands for his daughters and wealth and land for his son. He calls onto Jim to teach Antonia to read. He does so in a very pleading, helpless way which leaves an unforgettab le memory in Jim's mind. Jim takes on the task, but unfortunately Mr. Shimerda gets little help from anyone else in the town for anything. Mr. Shimerda never really understands why he receives virtually little help from neighbors getting the farm going. He knows nothing about running the farm, and didn't even have the appropriate tools necessary. He and his family on the other hand are very trusting and would give the shirts off their backs to anyone who needed anything from them. There never were such a people as the Shimerdas for wanting to give away everything they had

Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essays

Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essays Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essay Florida Tech University Online MBA Program Essay Florida Tech University  Online MBA Program has been educating prominent business executives, astronauts and decorated U.S. generals for over fifty years. With our internationally recognized team of  committed  faculty, a commitment to academic excellence and our alumni who keep the Florida Tech University tradition alive through our outstanding achievements. Earning a degree demands a significant time commitment on your part. You want to be absolutely sure that all your hard work will pay off with a degree that’s not only recognized but also respected.  Florida Tech University is nationally accredited.  Which  means you can be confident that the university has been judged  Ã‚  evaluated to consistently meet the high quality standards. Not only will potential employers recognize your degree from Florida Tech University, but many other regionally accredited institutions will recognize your credentials as well. Florida Tech University has perfected our video based E learning system with all the benefits of a traditional   on campus classroom environment. You will be immersed in an online environment that lets you study at your pace and your convenience while working around around your busy schedule. Click the Banner below for the Official:   : Florida Tech University Online MBA Program no GMAT USC Social Work  Online MBA Program no GMAT  with a time honored reputation for educational excellence, the research funding and  diversity, the University of Southern California’s School of Social Work prepares its students for major leadership roles in both the public and private sectors and organizations that serve our nation, its families and our communities in need. A true pioneer in the state of the art programs of our online study, the Southern California’s School of Social Work is one of the highest ranked schools of social work in Southern California and is among the top 10 in the country. The USC online  Virtual Academia Center is state of the art and offers its students the opportunity to learn and earn a Master of Social Work degree with no relocating and is specially designed to guide social workers with the extensive knowledge and hands on skills to make a real difference in our  country  while improving the lives of our population. Click the Banner below for the Official: USC School of Social Work Online MBA Program no GMAT Vermont Law School  Online MBA Program no GMAT  is truly committed to making a very significant impact in the community and the world. Our primary goal is to groom graduates who steward our normal systems and work at the intersection of the law, economics,  politics, science, and ethics. From our students, faculty, and staff the character of this university is engaged and collaborative while at the same time motivated yet ethical, sophisticated,  intelligent and caring. As a Vermont law student you will experience a high-tech, online educational environment, interacting with and learning from our expert faculty hand picked from the world’s leading environmental teachers, legal scholars, and practitioners. Throughout your rigorous curriculum, you will find yourself focused on understanding the many complexities of   true environmental law policymaking, and the legalities that guide our ever expanding environmental advocacy. Vermont Law School’s law program has always been at the very forefront of the field since the late 1970s and has also been  ranked number one by  U.S. News numerous  times since the early 199os. It still holds the distinction of being the only program available on line and is still offered from the top environmental law schools in the United Sates. We believe that our environment is the most precious resource we have. In  todays  day an age when our world is under tremendous strain, there is an ever emerging need for passionate people who can devote their careers to protecting mother earth. Our beautiful planet needs true champions who can transform laws and policy across the globe; people who will stand up and fight the influence of change through the advocacy, policy transformation and of most of all action. Vermont Law School has  two online degree options  that will give you with the expertise you need to address the ever increasingly complex nature of the environmental issues we face on an ongoing basis as a society. Click the Banner below for the Official: Vermont Law School Online MBA Program no GMAT University of San Francisco  Online MBA Program no GMAT  was founded way back in 1855, the University of San Francisco has had a longstanding tradition of true academic excellence. The University of San Francisco is accredited and was unconditionally affirmed for the maximum 7 years during its most recent university review. University of San Francisco was first accredited in 1950 so our long stand commitment to academic excellence speaks for itself. The University of San Francisco School of Business and Management is also accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) the leading accrediting body for business schools in the USA.  The University of San Francisco offers online and in demand programs that enable you to gain many new valuable skills and credentials all online, at your convenience so you can still meet your obligations to work and family. You will also  enhance your expertise with the most effective business management tools and techniques available. Whether you need to implement and process many improvements or gradually evolve your organization into a process based institution, the University of San Francisco’s Master Certificate in Business Process Management gives you the tools you need to succeed. Every online course gives you the tools you need to tap into the knowledge and experience of our leading business management experts in the nation. In as little as eight weeks, you will gain critical skills that you can apply immediately in the real world, on the job and a valuable credentials that will serve as a significant milestone as you complete each of our courses. Click the Banner below for the Official:   University of San Francisco Online MBA Program no GMAT Stay tuned for our next list of the top non GMAT programs in the country as well as some of the best or most affordable places to get your GMAT if thats the direction you want to head.

'The global financial crisis (2007-2009) is an evidence of the Essay

'The global financial crisis (2007-2009) is an evidence of the weaknesses of the existing international and national regulator - Essay Example The excessive spending and the systemic risk associated due to the fluctuation of macroeconomic factors in the world economic environment exposed the investments and the subsequent lending by the financial institutions to high risks which was slowly growing into a large bubble1. Before the global financial crisis that started in US during 2007 and rippled throughout the world, the prices of the real estate was soaring very high. Thus, people could make huge profits in the short run by investing in US properties which was unmatched with any other investment in the US and the international markets. Apart from this, the national government in US also adopted the policy of property holding right for the US citizens that encouraged the financial institutions and their intermediaries to lend for the purpose of purchase of property2. However, due to the lack of tight regulatory framework, there were cases of lending and investments that could be identified as risky due to several factors li ke repayment capability of the investor, feasibility of the investment returns, regulatory compliance, etc3. The heavy bubble of bad lending by the financial institutions burst into a global financial crisis which was an evidence of the weakness of the national and international regulatory frameworks that were put in place for avoiding the systemic risk and the excessive risk taking of the financial institutions. Systemic risk The systematic risk is explained by the risk that arises due to the fluctuation of the macro economic factors like export-import, appreciation of depreciation of currencies, economic performance of developed countries, changes in international investments, fluctuations in the financial return and risk, etc. The global financial crisis brought out the systemic risk that started in the US and melted down globally to international economies across the world4. The inter-linkage between the houses of production, markets and the financial intermediaries led the plat form where the manufacturing and the production units suffered a slowdown in the production level due to the loss of the financial intermediaries which in turn was affected due to the default risk of the borrowers who invested in the US real estate and properties5. The lack of tighter regulatory framework fuelled the investments in the US real estates. The regulatory framework for the financial institutions is also liable of not putting checks when the financial institutions relaxed their approaches on due diligence and compliance checks to find the default risk in case of lending6. The business houses were also granted loans for increasing the supply to match the rising demand. The systemic risk exposed the weakness of the regulatory frameworks when the household and the businesses defaulted in paying back the borrowed money to the financial institution and there was financial catastrophe in the US economy7. Excessive risk taking by financial institutions The global financial crisi s in 2007 to 2009 could be attributed to excessive risk taken by the financial

North American Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

North American Music - Essay Example North Americans believed that objects of extraordinary value possessed a spirit element, and more so sacred were regalia and obsidian blades. Getting wealth and maintaining the status that came with it were central to North Americans thoughts and consciousness. The rich men did not labor but spent most of the time in their homes making ceremonial costumes and arrows which they sold at a high cost. Feasts, ceremonies, and dances could not be held without the inclusion the ceremonial regalia that are owned by the rich. It was a hard and tedious job assembling the many scalps and skins that some pieces needed, but the effect was striking. In public ceremonies they were dazzling; they were prized for their uniqueness and beauty and the wealth they symbolized (Randel, D. M. 2003 pg. 41). Equally rare and costly were the big, oblong blades. The larger blades were more expensive. The more perfect and regular the shape of the blade the more its value; artisans deliberately and carefully chip ped them in an oblong form. From the high costs associated with the costumes, arrows, and blades that are the symbols of the ceremonial and social songs, I think that this basically means that these songs are basically preserved for the rich who mainly posses them or can easily afford them in their functions.

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay A psychiatric or psychological disorder is a disorder of psychological function severe enough to warrant treatment by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. Schizophrenia, emotional disorders, Anxiety and Tourette’s syndrome are all classified as psychiatric disorders. The distinguishing line between neuropsychological disorders and psychiatric disorders is quite thin. Though the two types of disorders are a result of a dysfunctional brain, the malfunctions which create psychiatric disorders remain undefined. Psychiatric disorders are often linked to environmental factors as well as dysfunction of the brain. As psychological research advances, treatments and a better understanding of psychiatric disorders comes to bear. The term schizophrenia means a psychic break or â€Å"splitting of psychic function†. (Pinel, 2007). The NIH National Library of Medicine web site defines schizophrenia as having five different categories: catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated. (NIH National Library of Medicine, 2008). Each category of the disorder has a specific set of symptoms that is mostly unique to that category of the disorder, but schizophrenia in general creates a delusional picture of reality which disrupts the person’s behavior, logic and emotions. A good example of schizophrenia and the related dissociative disorders are the movie Sybil or the more recent film A Beautiful Mind, and another fine example is the television show United States of Tara. Both movies and the Showtime network’s series depict the lives of a person suffering with schizophrenia or dissociative disorders. Neuroleptics and antipsychotic drugs are known to alleviate symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Clozapine is a type of neuroleptic that does not produce side effects like those associated with Parkinsons disease. The medication is known to cause blood disorders. Neuroleptic medication is used to block the dopamine receptors though it takes time for the drug to lessen schizophrenic symptoms. Though neuroleptics help schizophrenics, only certain patients do benefit from the relief these drugs can offer. Schizophrenic patients suffering from hallucinations and incoherence react to the medication; however; schizophrenics suffering from cognitive defects are not affected. The NIH National Library of Medicine web site mentioned atypical antipsychotics have proven to treat symptoms for schizophrenia  with few side effects and is the best option for those suffering with schizophrenia. (NIH National Library of Medicine, 2008). A surgeon in the 1950’s and early 1960’s used a drug called chlorpromazine on patients to alleviate swelling prior to surgery. The doctor noticed that the medicine acted as a calming agent and recommended chlorpromazine to relax hard to control psychotic patients. Chlorpromazine did not assuage the symptoms of psychosis, but the medicine showed potential for easing some symptoms in schizophrenic patients. During the research process the side effects of chlorpromazine which are symptoms of Parkinsons disease were evident. Researchers concluded that people suffering from Parkinsons disease die from a minute level of dopamine. Schizophrenics display a high-level of dopamine. Therefore Parkinsons and Schizophrenia seem to be on the opposite end of the spectrum. A breakthrough emerged in the dopamine theory with Carlsson and Lindqvist. The duo studied the Chlorpromazine in relation to schizophrenia and revised the dopamine theory of schizophrenia. Chlorpromazine was found to block dopamine receptors instead of the original theory of reducing dopamine levels. Therefore, the duo concluded through research that schizophrenia was  not due to high-levels of dopamine, but with over activity at the dopamine receptors. (Pinel, 2007). Emotional disorders are another form of a psychiatric disorder. Emotional disorders include: bipolar disorder, depression, and mania. Depression is classified as a state of unbearable sadness. At some point in a persons life one will encounter a period of depression due to a tragedy such as loss of a loved one, poor health, or a series of bad luck. However, most people will break through the grip of depression and return to a normal life. Those with depression have a hard time seeing anything in a positive light. Depression ruins relationships at work and in the home; the disease also takes over the person making it difficult to engage in a normal day-to-day routine. Mania is the opposite of depression and is linked to high energy and impulse. A person suffering from mania appears to be full of energy or â€Å"hopped up† on energy drinks like Red-Bull and caffeine; they are filled with such enthusiasm, have boundless energy and talk fast. Though it sounds like an exceptional  thing to be constantly in a good spirits there is a negative side to the disorder. Impulsiveness is a part of mania and many suffers act on impulse not thinking before they do anything. The end result is unfinished projects, bills that cannot be paid, and relationships ruined. A person who suffers from manic episodes and depression episodes is diagnosed with bipolar disorder. There are two theories created to explain the causes of emotional disorders. According to Pinel (2007), The monoamine theory of depression holds that depression is associated with under-activity at serotonergic and noradrenergic synapses. It is based on the fact that monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, and selective norepinephrinereuptake inhibitors are all agonists  of serotonin, norepinephrine, or both. The second theory is Diathesis-Stress model. The second theory focuses on genetic predispositions of a person as well as environmental factors that influence the disorder. This means that people who have stress early on will overreact to stressful situations later in life in turn causing depression. (Pinel, 2007). There are four types of medicine used to treat emotional disorders. Iproniazid is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) initially used to treat tuberculosis but failed. On the contrary the patients did not have as many depressive thoughts about the illness. Iproniazid has severe effects when combined with tyramine rich foods. Imipamine is a tricyclic antidepressant which has proven to be more effective than MAOI’s. The next medication is Lithium which was shown to alleviate symptoms of mania. The discovery was made when a researcher tested guinea pigs and the results proved to calm them. Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer in bi-polar patients since it blocks the patient from transitioning between extreme highs and lows. The fourth medicine used more commonly in recent years is selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The most common of the SSRI’s are Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil. The SSRI’s are reported to have few side effects and are able to treat multiple disorders. (Pinel, 2007). Anxiety is chronic fear that persists in the absence of any direct threat. (Pinel, 2007). Anxiety is accompanied by rapid heartbeat, heavy or difficulty breathing and high blood pressure. There are five  types of anxiety disorders including: general anxiety, phobias, obsessive compulsiveness, panic, and post traumatic stress disorder. Theories involving anxiety disorders presume the amygdala has a role in anxiety disorders. The brain’s involvement in anxiety is cloudy at best since each patient tested shows different results. (Pinel, 2007). Benzodiazepines and serotonin agonists are the most effective medications used to combat anxiety. Valium and Librium are two of the most commonly prescribed medications, though they tend to make the patient drowsy. The medicine is  also known to be highly addictive and is recommended only for short-term usage. Buspirone is a serotonin agonist which relaxes the body and causes sleepiness. (Pinel, 2007). Tourette’s syndrome is known for involuntary movements or sounds known as tics. The Cedars-Sinai web site notes that the tics can vary from body movements and vocal tics. The tics can be a little as involuntary eye blinking or more noticeable yelling of obscene words or phrases. Little is known as to the cause of Tourette’s, however there is speculation that the limbic cortex, association cortex and thalamus are connected to the disorder. (Pinel, 2007). With the cause still a mystery there is no cure for Tourette’s, but though counseling, relaxation therapy and hypnosis healthcare professionals can help treat the disorder. (Cedars-Sinai. 2008). Psychiatric disorders vary in many ways. Schizophrenia affects the brain and causes hallucinations, emotional disorders affect a persons mood in extreme ways, and anxiety causes fear and health issues, while Tourette’s causes tics ranging from subtle to severe. Over time psychological advances in research and treatment have been made allowing professionals in the field to effectively treat each disorder. References CEDARS-SINAI. (2008). Tourettes syndrome. Retrieved June 10, 2009, from http://www.csmc.edu/5540.html NIH National Library of Medicine. (2008). Medical Encyclopedia: Schizophrenia. Retrieved June 9, 2009, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000928.htm Pinel, J. P. J. (2007). Basics of Biopsychology. Boston, MA. Allyn and Bacon.

Tibetan Medicine Essay -- Tibet Treatment History Illness Papers

Tibetan Medicine Tibetan medicine, developed over the course of over one thousand years in the isolated mountainous terrain of Tibet and preserved despite China’s decimation of Tibetan customs, views healing in a much different way than Western physicians. Tibetan medicine emphasizes science, faith, perception, spirituality, karma, and philosophy, whereas Western medicine is based almost entirely on science. In the West, religion and spirituality are believed to have absolutely nothing to do with healing and medical practice. Without looking at Tibetan medicine in depth, the Westerner could easily dismiss Tibetan medicine as superstitious and unscientific; however, Tibetan Medicine is often very successful at treating illness, and Tibetan physicians can often cure the root of the problem, rather than merely performing a quick fix to a localized part of the body as in the West. Tibetan doctors do not recommend simply popping a pill. Instead, they see illness as a manifestation of the body†™s imbalance and seek to correct this imbalance. In order to cure a disease, behavior, lifestyle, and one’s individual ‘humoral constitution’ (the three humors and the way in which they function in the body will be fully explained later) are all very important. In order to gain a fuller understanding of the Tibetan approach, as well as appreciate why it has remained so unknown to Westerners despite its lengthy existence, one must consider the Tibetan and Western medical traditions simultaneously. One is also inclined to consider if aspects or methods of diagnoses from the Tibetan tradition could be incorporated into Western medicine since each form of practice has own benefits – Western medicine has highly sophisticated technology and the... ...he Source, 131. [8] John Avedon, In Exile from the Land of Snows, 156. [9] Vaidya Dash, Tibetan Medicine, 86. [10] Vaidya Dash, Tibetan Medicine, 87. [11] Vaidya Dash, Tibetan Medicine, 89. [12] Dr. Yeshi Dhonden. Health Through Balance. (Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion Publications, 1986), 142. [13] Dr. Dhoden, Health Through Balance, 148. [14] Dr. Dhonden, Healing from the Source, 129. [15] Christopher Hansard, The Tibetan Art of Living, (New York: Atria Books, 2001), 191. [16] Christopher Hansard, The Tibetan Art of Living, 193. [17] Christopher Hansard, The Tibetan Art of Living, 193. [18] Dr. Dhonden, Health Through Balance, 185. [19] Dr. Dhonden, Health Through Balance, 216. [20] Dr. Dhonden, Healing from the Source, 187. [21] Dr. Dhonden, Healing from the Source, 187. [22] John Avedon, In Exile from the Land of Snows, 155.

Pfizer Strageic Plan

OUTLINE FOR THE STRATEGIC PLAN Please bullet your responses. Staple the completed assignment; do not spend any money binding the assignment. Make sure to respond to every item. I. GETTING STARTED A. Steps in Strategic Management Process Step 1 |Identify the organization’s mission, vision, and value statement | |Step 2 |Determine the firms main business and organizational objectives | |Step 3 |Conduct a SWOT analysis identifying the company’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats | |Step 4 |Construct a Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) | |Step 5 |Construct an External Factor Evaluation (EFE) Matrix | |Step 6 |Construct and Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) Matrix | |Step 7 |Construct a Value Chain Analysis | |Step 8 |Prepare a SPACE, BCG, TOWS Analysis, and QSPM Matrix | |Step 9 |Use the data above to weigh alternative strategies, make strategic recommendations, develop a plan of action | | |(implementation), and convey the ROI | |Step 10 |Construct Conting ency Plan | B. Information and/or materials used to complete assignment †¢ Resources used in completing the assignment are as follows: Strategic Management Concepts and Cases’ 12th edition textbook, S&P 500 website, Yahoo Finance, Bloomberg. com, Pfizer. com, Google Finance, Reuters. om, and Google search engine including the web pages cited on the Works Cited page. C. Time Frame †¢ My goal is to actively work on a portion of the outline everyday and have it completed to its entirety by the time it is due; therefore I will not have to rush to get it done last minute. D. Resources Needed – all resource your team used to complete this assignment †¢ FAMU database, online articles, company website. II. MANDATES (â€Å"MUSTS†) -CLARIFYING/UNDERSTANDING A. History/Evolution of the Organization †¢ Pfizer was founded in 1849 by Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart in Brooklyn, New York and has remained dedicated to improving the health and well being o f individuals around the world.The demand for Pfizer’s products soared throughout the Civil War as the demand for painkillers, disinfectants and preservatives increased. In 2000, Pfizer and Warner-Lambert merge to form the new Pfizer, which created the world’s fastest growing Pharmaceutical company. In 2008, Jeff Kindler, Chairman and CEO of Pfizer, announces the next step in the company's evolution and outlines the company's plan to establish smaller operating units designed to enhance innovation and accountability, while drawing upon the advantages of Pfizer's scale and resources. On October 15, 2009, Pfizer acquires Wyeth, creating a company with a broad range of products and therapies that touch the lives of patients and consumers every day and at every stage of life.In 2010, Pfizer announces a diversified R platform named Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, supporting excellence in small molecules, large molecules and vaccine research and development. As ap art of the acquisition of Wyeth in 2009, Pfizer initially implemented a two-division structure for research and development (BioTherapeutics and PharmaTherapeutics) to ensure the progress and steady integration of both legacy organizations. Due to the speed and effectiveness of that integration, Pfizer progresses to this new model while maintaining the same breadth and research programs. On December 1 and 2 2011 Pfizer completed the acquisitions of Excaliard Pharmaceuticals and Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business, respectively. B.Identify formal aspects of the organization †¢ Corporate Governance Include: Board of Directors, Board Committees, Code of Ethics, CEO/CFO Certifications, Executive Officers, Policy and Procedures for Accounting and Legal Complaints †¢ Pfizer has created two distinct research organizations. The PharmaTherapeutics Research & Development Group focuses on the discovery of small molecules and related modalities; and The BioTherapeutics Research & Development Group focuses on large-molecule research, including vaccines. The goal with Pfizer doing this is to maximize opportunities within the Biomedical research sector. †¢ Pfizer has also developed an enhanced commercial operating structure.Pfizer has nine diverse health care businesses: Primary Care, Specialty Care, Oncology, Emerging Markets, Established Products, Consumer Healthcare, Nutrition, Animal Health and Capsugel. Each of these businesses is led by an executive with clear accountability for results – from product development following proof of concept to providing access to patients and through to the end of the product's life cycle. B. Identify informal aspects & culture of the organization †¢ Pfizer is sustained on innovation, which seeks a nourishing environment in which ideas and perspectives can flourish. It is an array of unique characteristics, perspectives, and life experiences. Pfizer Colleague Resource Groups (CRGs) are organized by coll eagues who join together to provide a positive forum for professional development. By embracing diversity of thought and experience, our CRGs help drive innovation and build on our success. †¢ David Simmons, the president and general manager of the Established Products Business Unit at Pfizer. Simmons has been highly successful at building a new, non-traditional culture within Pfizer for his business unit. One example of this was that Simmons was able to product high quality drugs at affordable costs, and he did this as high grossing patents were near expiration III. VISION STATEMENT, MISSION STATEMENT & VALUES STATEMENT ANALYSES A. Vision StatementAt Pfizer, we're inspired by a single goal: your health. That's why we're dedicated to developing new, safe medicines to prevent and treat the world's most serious diseases. And why we are making them available to the people who need them most. We believe that from progress comes hope and the promise of a healthier world. B. Vision S tatement Analysis – Does it answer the question â€Å"What to do we want to become? † If not, revise it. If organization does not have one, create one. †¢ Yes, I believe that it answers the question as to what they want to become. Its states that they are dedicated to developing new ways to prevent and treat diseases. C. Values Statement Pfizer does not have a value statement. D. Value Statement Analysis – Does it represent the organization’s guiding principles? If not, revise it. If organization does not have one, create one. †¢ Pfizer will work to provide the best quality drugs that will cater to the most people. We will ensure that as a company we will work to do what is best for our patients, physicians and consumers. B. Mission Statement †¢ We will become the world's most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business partners, and the communities where we work and live. D. Mission Statement Analysis – Do es it have the 9 components? If not, revise it to include all 9 components.If organization does not have one, create one. †¢ No, the mission statement does not include all the nine components. After revising the mission statement, it should be read: o We will become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business partners, and the communities where we work and live. We will ensure that we provide products of the best quality at affordable prices to all. We will work hard to ensure that we keep up with the needs and problems of our consumers and provide what is best. We will continue to promote the well-being of our consumers as well as the well-being of our shareholders and employees as well as promote diversity.We will keep abreast of the ever-changing technology to ensure that they needs of our consumers are met at all times and also that we will not become obsolete to our customers. We will forever be dedicated to developing new , safe medicines to prevent and treat the world's most serious diseases. And why we are making them available to the people who need them most. |List each of the 9 components |Excerpts from Mission Statement addressing the component | |1. Customers |We will work hard to ensure that we keep up with the needs and problems of our consumers and provide what is| | |best. | |2.Products or Services |We will ensure that we provide products of the best quality at affordable prices to all. | |3. Markets |We will ensure that we provide products of the best quality at affordable prices to all. | |4. Technology |We will keep abreast of the ever-changing technology to ensure that they needs of our consumers are met at | | |all times and also that we will not become obsolete to our customers. | |5. Concern for survival, growth, and profitability|We will keep abreast of the ever-changing technology to ensure that they needs of our consumers re met at | | |all times and also that we will not become obsolete to our customers. | |6. Philosophy |We will forever be dedicated to developing new, safe medicines to prevent and treat the world's most serious| | |diseases. And why we are making them available to the people who need them most. | |7. Self- Concept |We will become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business | | |partners, and the communities where we work and live. | |8.Concern for public image |We will continue to promote the well-being of our consumers as well as the well-being of our shareholders | | |and employees as well as promote diversity. | |9. Concern for employees |We will become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers, colleagues, investors, business | | |partners, and the communities where we work and live. | IV. ASSESSING EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A. Identify Opportunities / Threats – Analyze trends in the following areas: political, legal, competitive, economic, social, cultural, demo graphic, technological, environmental, and governmental. Provide at least 1 opportunity & 1 threat for each of the 10 areas. Provide responses in bullet format. Political | |Opportunity |Threat | |Measures taken to close the Coverage gap also known as the donut hole may |New Health care Reform Bill was put in place 2010. This law requires drug | |result in people using more brand name drugs rather than buying generic. 9 |producers to make rebates to state Medicaid agencies based on their costs to | | |provide prescription drugs to Medicaid beneficiaries. | | |Constant pressure to lower prescription drug prices from the government2 | |Legal | |Opportunity |Threat | |Acquisitions and in-licensing /co-development opportunities such as recent |Expiration of Patents for drugs, face a loss of up to billions of dollars due | |acquisitions of Excaliard and Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business in December |to generics taking market share.For example, Lipitor, which grossed 11 bil lion| |2011 may help Pfizer meet unmet needs of their customers. 23 |in revenues last year expired November 28, 2011. This means that other | | |companies are allowed to produce the generic version of the drug. 2 | | |Number of New Molecular Entities approved by the FDA has declined. In 2009, | | |NMEs approved were 26 and 2010 were 21. 2 | | |Beginning of 2011 was a series of new fees in the form of excise taxes payable | | |to the federal government. 12 | |Competitive | |Opportunity |Threat | |Barriers for additional companies to enter the market are high. 4 |French drug maker Sanofi-Aventis’ $20 billion acquisition of Genzyme Corp. | | |completed in April 2011 | | |Fierce competition among Pharmaceutical companies such as Proctor & Gamble and | | |Johnson & Johnson. | | |Japanese drug sales are also expected to expand with current sales of 60 | | |billion, 11% of the world market share. | |Economic | |Opportunity |Threat | |Demands for certain drugs are relatively in elastic. 4 |Based on the projected losses due to loss of market share, Pfizer has shed | | |53,000 and 61, 000 jobs in 2010 and 2009 respectively | | |The decline in spending in the US in the last few years | | |Revenue may be hurt by ongoing negative effects from U. S. ealth care reform | | |and austerity pricing in Europe | | |Inflation will cause an increase in cost and raise drug prices | | |Competition from newer, better drugs may be a threat to sales. For example, | | |Vivus is a new ED drug that may be able to compete with Viagra. 3 | |Social | |Opportunity |Threat | |450 million Americans are over the age of 65 and healthcare spending is the |Number of NMEs approved by the FDA has declined12 | |highest among these individuals2 | | |Humana and Pfizer Form Research Partnership to Improve Health Care Delivery for| | |Seniors in 2011. | | |Cultural | |Opportunity |Threat | |Like GlaxoSmithKline and Abbott Labs in particular — Pfizer has its sights on |Number of legis lative proposals seeking to allow importation of medicines into | |developing countries for a revenue bump. 13 |the U. S. and revenues could be affected | |Demographic | |Opportunity |Threat | |Asian drug sales are also expected to expand.For example, Takeda |77 million people by 2031 will be enrolled in Medicare and Health care and | |Pharmaceutical Company, Asia's biggest drug maker, reported an 18 percent jump |Medicare will not be able to finance this many people2 | |in first-quarter profit, helped by the sale of new medicines in the beginning | | |of 2011. 9 | | |Technological | |Opportunity |Threat | |Pfizer has plenty of drugs in its pipeline with blockbuster potential. 3 | | |Environmental | |Opportunity |Threat | |Adoption of new environmental strategies to be more socially responsible |Adverse effect on drug prices due to threat of imported drugs and threat of | | |counterfeited drugs due to importing and exporting. | B. Monitor Major Stakeholders/Stakeholder Analys is – Customers, Competitors (list at least 3 of the organizations major competitors, Individuals in the community, Employees, Stockholders, etc. 1. Identify Stakeholders |Identify Internal Stakeholders |Identify External Stakeholders | |Ian C.Reed- President, CEO, Director |Johnson & Johnson | |Frank A. D’Amelio- CFO, EVP of Business Ops. |JP Morgan Chase & Co | |Mikael Dolsten- Pfizer Worldwide R&D |Northern Trust | |Freda- Lewis Hall- EVP, Chief Medical Officer |Proctor & Gamble | 2. Stakeholder Matrix – classify the internal & external stakeholders identified above into the appropriate boxes. High Interest/Importance, High Influence |High Interest/Importance, Low Influence | |Ian Reed |Proctor & Gamble | |Frank D’Amelio |Johnson & Johnson | |JP Morgan Chase & Co |Dow Chemical | |State Street Corporation |Merck and Co Inc. | | |Customers | | Employees | |Low Interest/Importance, High Influence |Low Interest/Importance, Low Influence | |Governme nt |Lenders | |Insurance Companies |Suppliers | | | | | | | | | | 3. Stakeholder Analysis |Stakeholder |Responsibility of |What does organization |Stakeholder’s potential |Stakeholders’ perceived |Stakeholder Management | | |Stakeholder to the |expect the stakeholder to |impact on the organization |attitudes and/or risks to |Strategy (SMS) | | |organization |provide? (high, medium, or low) |the organization | | | | | | | |N/A | |Investors |Fund the organization |Provide funding and |High |High Risk; Conservative | | | | |liquidity to the | |Attitude | | | | |organization | | | | | |Strategic plans and |Provide expertise, | |High Risk; Positive |Bottom-Up | |Employees |operations.Supports the|knowledge and value |High |Attitude | | | |functionality and | | | | | | |operational processes | | | | | | |Make critical decisions |Provide conceptual |High |High risk; Conservative |Top-down | |Shareholders | |knowledge and top-down flow| |Attitude | | | | |of decision maki ng | | | | | |Meet market demands |Provide products and | |Medium Risk; Positive |N/A | |Suppliers | |services |Medium |Attitude | | External Factor Evaluation |Opportunities | | | | | |Weight |Rating (1-4) |Weighted Score | |1. Measures taken to close the donut hole may result in people using more brand |. 07 |3 |. 1 | |name drugs rather than buying generic | | | | |2. Acquisitions and in-licensing /co-development opportunities |. 06 |4 |. 24 | |3. 450 million Americans are over the age of 65 and healthcare spending is the |. 07 |4 |. 28 | |highest among these individuals | | | | |4. Expansion of the biologic pharmacy market. |. 07 |4 |. 28 | |5. Bought King pharmaceutical for $3. 6 billion which would open up more |. 06 |4 |. 4 | |manufacture and sales adding to the capital of the company (Carrie, 2009). | | | | |6. Barriers for additional companies to enter into market are high |. 05 |4 |. 20 | |7. Demands for certain drugs are relatively inelastic. |. 07 |4 |. 28 | |Threats | | | | |8. Japanese drug sales are also expected to expand with current sales of 60 |. 08 |2 |. 6 | |billion, 11% of the world market share. | | | | |9. In 2009, Pfizer got assessed a 2. 3 billion fine for which they employed illegal|. 08 |1 |. 08 | |marketing strategies. | | | | |10. Large manufacture and low research for new inductions in the market could |. 07 |2 |. 14 | |decline the profitability. | | | | |11. Constant pressure to lower prescription drug prices from the government |. 5 |2 |. 1 | |12. Number of NMEs approved by the FDA has declined |. 04 |2 |. 08 | |13. The decline in spending in the US in the last few years |. 07 |1 |. 07 | |14. Inflation will cause an increase in cost and raise drug prices |. 06 |1 |. 06 | |15. Number of legislative proposals seeking to allow importation of medicines into|. 05 |2 |. 1 | |the U. S. nd revenues could be affected | | | | |16. 77 million people by 2031 will be enrolled in Medicare and Health care and |. 06 |2 |. 12 | |Medicare will not be able to finance this many people | | | | | | |Total |2. 64 | Pfizer seems to be taking advantage of the opportunities presented as well as avoiding threats but there is still room for improvement.For example, Pfizer seems to be taking advantage of some of the acquisitions that they have had over the last two years. They are seizing the opportunities of the expanding biological pharmacy market. Starting with the acquisition of Wyeth in 2009 and then the acquisitions of Excaliard and Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business. Pfizer saw that they were not meeting the needs of some of their customers but their competitors were. Excaliard is a privately owned biopharmaceutical company focused on developing novel drugs for the treatment of skin fibrosis, more commonly referred to as skin scarring. Ferrosan Consumer Health’s Business focuses on dietary supplements and lifestyle products.In addition to this, although New Molecular Entities approved by the FDA have declined, Pfizer has managed to get 3 drugs approved by the FDA in 2011 alone. Lastly, Pfizer has responded relatively well to the governmental pressure of lowering their prices as well as the Lipitor patent expiring at the end of November. Pfizer has implemented multiple rebate and discount programs to help assist their consumers. For example, Pfizer has recently partnered with Wal-Mart to offer a $4 prescription program allowing consumers to obtain their prescriptions at that low price. This helps to mitigate the complete loss of revenue and market share if consumers were to go to generic all together.I believe that the reason Pfizer did not receive a score of higher than a 3 was because a lot of these new policies have been recent (2010, 2011) and Pfizer seems to be trying to figure out how to remain profitable as well as cater to their consumers and these acquisitions are all relatively new and Pfizer seems to be just getting adjusted. Competitive Profile Matrix | |Pfizer |Johnson & Joh nson |Eli Lilly | |Critical Success Factors |Weight |Rating |Weighted Score |Rating |Weighted |Rating |Weighted Score | | | | | | |Score | | | |Organizational Structure |. 05 |2 |. 10 |4 |. 20 |1 |. 5 | |Price Competitiveness |. 10 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 | |Advertising |. 04 |1 |. 04 |1 |. 04 |4 |. 16 | |Product Quality |. 10 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 | |Sales Distribution |. 10 |4 |. 40 |3 |. 30 |2 |. 0 | |Customer Loyalty |. 03 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 09 | |Global Expansion |. 11 |4 |. 44 |3 |. 33 |2 |. 22 | |Market Share |. 11 |4 |. 44 |4 |. 44 |3 |. 33 | |Demographics |. 03 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 09 |3 |. 9 | |Financial Position |. 15 |4 |. 60 |3 |. 45 |2 |. 30 | |Research and Development |. 13 |4 |. 52 |4 |. 52 |3 |. 39 | |Innovation |. 10 |3 |. 30 |3 |. 30 |2 |. 20 | |Total |1. 00 | |3. 52 | |3. 16 | |2. 58 |From constructing the Competitive Profile Matrix, it is apparent that Pfizer is the strongest among the three competitors compared. V. ASSESSING INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT A. Stren gths/Weaknesses |Management | |Strength |Weakness | |In June 2011, Pfizer announced strategic partnerships with ICON plc and PAREXEL|Sometimes Pfizer may have to discontinue the production of drugs; therefore the| |International Corporation, both of which will serve as strategic providers of |demand for that drug increases. |clinical trial implementation services over a five-year period beginning in | | |June 2011 | | |Adoption of new environmental strategies to be more socially responsible | | |Working with numerous companies to do collaborative work in research and | | |development. | | |Pfizer is continually developing new strategies such as plant restructuring and| | |energy master plan. | |Pfizer is divided into multiple sectors so that most leaders have a specific | | |rather than general role. | | |Pfizer expects to increase its market share from 4% to 6% by reinforcing its | | |leadership, expanding developments in high growth markets, building leadership | | |in oncology and taking advantage of R&D in Asia and other countries. | |Marketing | |Strength |Weakness | |Renewed emphasis in the faster growing fields of specialty pharmaceuticals, |Co marketing with other pharmaceutical companies may slow down its global | |biologics, vaccines, and, in some cases, even generics. |growth. | |Its number one pharmaceutical from sales point of view and its marketing |Decreased amount of advertising | |infrastructure is well established throughout the world. | | |Pfizer as six markets, which include Brazil, China, Mexico, Turkey, Russia, and| | |India. | |For the ninth consecutive year, the Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sales Force was voted| | |as first overall in Verispan's â€Å"Pharmaceutical Sales Force Structures. | | |Human Resources | |Strength |Weakness | |Global working network with 95,000 workers |According the glassdoor. om, the company morale is at an all time low | |Accounting/Financials | |Strength |Weakness | |7. 5% ranking corporation market share | Prices, according to the federal government, are too high and are currently | |Sales have increased from 16. 02% in 2008 to 22. 89% in 2010. |trying to get Pfizer to cut their prices. | |High budget pharmaceutical industries having the revenue of $50 billion |Lowest Earnings per Share among competitors. For example, Pfizer has an EPS of | | |$. 48 and Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly have an EPS of $1. 5 and $1. 11, | | |respectively. | | |The integration of large acquisitions including a pair by Pfizer — hasn’t | | |resulted in s great return on equity. | | |Each new drug can cost as much as $1 billion to develop, with no guarantee of | | |success. |Internal Technology | |Strength |Weakness | |Due to the expectation of the drugs expiring and the decline and market share, |Delays caused by regulations and the unsuccessful completion of clinical trials| |Pfizer has focused most of the R&D on Biotech based treatments |reduce the potential recovery and returns of investme nts such as R&D. | |Their research and development sector is highly established and in good | | |strength. | | |Renewed emphasis in the faster growing fields of specialty pharmaceuticals, | | |biologics, vaccines, and, in some cases, even generics. | | |Pfizer Announces Licensing Agreement With Puma Biotechnology, Inc.For The | | |Development And Commercialization Of Neratinib, An Investigational Pan-HER | | |Inhibitor | | |U. S. Food And Drug Administration Approves Pfizer’s XALKORI ® (crizotinib) As | | |First And Only Therapy Specifically For Patients With Locally Advanced Or | | |Metastatic ALK-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. | | | | |Other | |Strength |Weakness | |Chance to acquire new patents for new technological products |Currently only serving American, European and Asian markets. They are not | |Pfizer has been public in its efforts to address climate change. Our Energy and|serving African or Australian markets. | |Climate Change Program seeks to minimize the cost and operational restrictions | | |arising from a carbon-constrained environment, reduce Pfizer's contribution to | | |GHG emissions, and assess the risk presented to Pfizer's operations from the | | |potential physical changes resulting from a warming global climate. | |Pfizer has committed to ensure that their quality is top notch and no | | |counterfeit products have been purchased by their consumers. | | |Pfizer is committed to its outsourcing. The key considerations for outsourcing | | |decisions include the ability to supply and capacity flexibility, regulatory | | |compliance and safe practices, technology and cost competiveness. | | |Pfizer has a structure for quality.Some components include creating, | | |implementing, and upholding standard operating procedures for trial execution, | | |a quality scientific and medical design of the protocol, clinical investigator | | |and site pre-assessment and selection, regulatory agency and ethics committee | | |approval, dev eloping and providing appropriate informed consent, adequate | | |recording and reporting of data, periodic monitoring and audits. | | B. Value Chain Analysis – Graphically depict the organization’s value chain |Infrastructure: | |-Pfizer's Executive Leadership Team is the company's senior-most leadership and decision-making management body. It brings together our top leaders to focus on major | |financial, strategic and operational decisions for the company. | |-The Governance structure of Pfizer consists of an Executive Board (CEO, CFO, President), Board of Directors (Dennis Ausiello, Michael S.Brown), Shareholders (JPMorgan,| |Northern Trust, Ian Reed, State Street Corporation). | |-Pfizer has made several initiatives to ensure a diverse company culture. They also have recognized their responsibility towards their customers. Certain policies | |include: Business conduct, Lobbying and Political contributions, Sales and Marketing, Research and clinical trials, workpl ace standards, and laboratory animal care. 10 | |Human Resource Management: | |Pfizer has agreements with different universities and recruit from different areas of study. This serves to create a diverse environment and fosters a challenging and | |open culture.Some of their values with regards to their employees are: sustain focus on performance, create an inclusive environment, exchange open discussion and | |debate, manage change, develop people, and align across Pfizer. 2 | |Research and Development: | |Pfizer is prioritizing its research and development efforts in areas with the greatest scientific and commercial promise: immunology and inflammation, oncology, | |cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, neuroscience and pain, and vaccines.Through major research efforts across multiple modalities including small molecules, | |biologics and vaccines. | |Pfizer has set up the phases of clinical development from making the drug to administering the drug through clinical trials and then manufacturing and selling the drugs. | |2 | |Procurement: | |Pfizer is expected to increase outsourced manufacturing of products from approximately 17 percent to 30 percent over the next three years. Key considerations for | |outsourcing decisions include the ability to supply, capacity flexibility, cost competitiveness,and technology. | |Inbound Logistics: |Operations: |Outbound Logistics: |Marketing and Sales: |Service: | |Pfizer procurement professionals |-Pfizer has nine diverse health|-Pfizer has trained over 95 |-Channels of marketing include:|-Pfizer is committed to providing a | |regularly |care businesses: Primary Care, |percent of colleagues worldwide|Television, print ad and online|quality drug to their customers. | |engage with suppliers to reinforce |Specialty Care, Oncology, |in basic problem solving, which|ads. Pfizer has created programs such as | |Pfizer’s expectations in all |Emerging Markets, Established |has resulted in over 8,000 |-Pharmaceutical sa les |the $4 Wal-Mart prescription program| |operational business areas. This |Products, Consumer Healthcare, |improvement |representatives are among the |to provide their drugs at a fraction| |collaboration leads |Nutrition, Animal Health and |projects across the world in |top in the nation. They receive|of the cost. | |to improvement projects with |Capsugel†. 8 |the last five |extensive training so they are |- | |significant performance benefits, | |years. Significant improvements|knowledgeable of the drugs. | |such as reduced | |to Pfizer’s |They have knowledge of Pfizer | | |packaging and transportation costs, | |key products have delivered a |products as well as their | | |and elimination of undesirable | |40 percent reduction in both |competitors. 2 | | |chemicals through process | |the time to make and ship the | | | |improvements†. 8 | |product as well as allowing a | | | | | |reduction in inventory†. 8 | | | Primary Activities Financial Ratios: Finan cial Ratios |Pfizer Inc |Industry |S&P 500 |How Pfizer is doing in | | | | | |comparison to the industry? | |Growth Rate % | | | | | |Sales (Qtr vs. year ago Qtr) |7. 5 |5. 90 |14. 40 |Better | |Net Income (YTD vs. YTD) NA |NA |NA | | |Net Income (Qtr vs. year ago Qtr) |185. 10 |66. 00 |46. 30 |Better | |Sales (5 Year Annual Avg) |7. 42 |7. 59 |8. 28 |Worse | |Net Income (5-Year Annual Avg) |1. 68 |2. 38 |8. 48 |Worse | |Dividends (5-Year Annual Avg) |-1. 08 |9. 81 |5. 9 |Worse | | | | | | | |Financial Condition | | | | | |Debt/Equity Ratio |. 46 |1. 14 |1. 05 |Better | |Current Ratio |2. 3 |1. 7 |1. 4 |Better | |Quick Ratio |1. 9 |1. 4 |1. 0 |Better | |Interest Coverage |9. 6 |23. 5 |316. |Worse | | | | | | | |Investment Returns % | | | | | |Return on Equity |11. 4 |30. 0 |26. 3 |Worse | |Return on Assets |5. 2 |8. 8 |8. 9 |Worse | |Return on Capital |6. 1 |11. 7 |11. 9 |Worse | | | | | | |Management Efficiency | | | | | |Income/Employee |91,763 |84,518 |130,228 |Better | |Re venue/Employee |616,998 |539,073 |1 Mil |Better | |Receivable Turnover |4. 5 |5. 5 |15. 9 |Worse | |Assets Turnover |0. 4 |0. 6 |0. |Better | |Inventory Turnover |1. 8 |2. 7 |12. 5 |Worse | * http://moneycentral. msn. com/investor/invsub/results/compare. asp? symbol=pfe* C. Assess all Functional areas using the internal checklists Management Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1. Does the organization use strategic management concepts? |Yes, Pfizer is continually developing new strategies such as plant restructuring and | | |energy master plan.For example, In June 2011, Pfizer announced strategic partnerships | | |with ICON plc and PAREXEL International Corporation, both of which will serve as strategic| | |providers of clinical trial implementation services over a five-year period beginning in | | |June 2011 | |2. Are organization objectives and goals measurable and well |Yes, some of Pfizer’s goals include maximizing opportunities in Biomedical res earch, | |communicated? |forging relationships with ey customers, etc. | |3. Do managers at all hierarchical levels plan effectively? |Yes, Pfizer is divided into multiple sectors so that most leaders have a specific rather | | |than general role. Pfizer is divided into 2 sectors, the PharmaTherapeutics Research & | | |Development Group and the BioTherapeutics Research & Development Group. Each sector has | | |its own managers; therefore it becomes easier to be able to plan effectively. | |4.Is the organization’s structure appropriate? |Yes, their leadership brings together top leaders to focus on major financial, operational| | |and strategic decisions. They have managers for every sector who work specifically to | | |foster the success of that sector. This creates an atmosphere for managers and employees | | |to focus on their specific sector rather than divide their attention. | |5. Are job descriptions and job specifications clear? Yes, Pfizer provides a detailed descript ion of the top managers and what they do as well | | |as what they expect from all their employees. | |6. Is employee morale high? |No, according to glassdoor. com, the employee morale is at an all time low. | |7. Is employee turnover and absenteeism low? |Yes, Pfizer currently has over 110,000 employees and they have managed to maintain their | | |staff turnover at a rate lower than 10% per year for the past 10 years, despite the | | |industry's average rate of 15%. | |8.Are organizational reward and control mechanisms effective? |Yes, Pfizer has recently raised its salary for its employees from the 50th to the 75th | | |percentile of markets rates. | Marketing Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1. Are markets segmented effectively? |Yes, Pfizer as six markets which include Brazil, China, Mexico, Turkey, Russia, and India | |2. Is the organization positioned well among competitors? |Yes, Pfizer ranks #2 right behind Proctor and Gamble | |3. Has the organiza tion’s market share been increasing? Yes, Pfizer expects to increase its market share from 4% to 6% by reinforcing its | | |leadership, expanding developments in high growth markets, building leadership in oncology| | |and taking advantage of R&D in Asia and other countries. | |4. Are present channels of distribution reliable and |No, according to Pfizer. com, globalization has made channels of distribution easy targets | |cost-effective? |for counterfeiting products. Drug Importation also poses a difficult task of closely | | |monitoring these drugs to prevent counterfeiting and damaged goods. | |5. Does the organization have an effective sales organization? Yes, For the ninth consecutive year, the Pfizer Pharmaceutical Sales Force was voted as | | |first overall in Verispan's â€Å"Pharmaceutical Sales Force Structures. | |6. Does the organization conduct market research? |Yes, this is the basis for their business. They have to research the causes and effects | | |for the drugs that they manufacture and produce. | |7. Are the organization’s products and services priced |No, the federal government has been trying to get Pfizer to decrease its prices to be more| |appropriately? |affordable for customers. | |8.Does the organization have an effective promotion, advertising,|Yes, Pfizer products have become a household name for most. Pfizer has a marketing | |and publicity strategy? |strength in major geographical and therapeutic areas. | |9. Is marketing planning and budgeting effective? |Yes, one of Pfizer’s plans is to cut the budget of R by 12 million dollars by the end of| | |2012. | |10. Do the organization’s marketing managers have adequate |Yes, from inspection of the top marketing managers, they all have experience prior to | |experience and training? |Pfizer. | |11.Are product quality and customer service good? |Yes, Pfizer has committed to ensure that their quality is top notch and no counterfeit | | |products have been pur chased by their consumers. They have implemented numerous plans in | | |order to assure top quality. This stems from their procurement strategies such as making | | |sure that their suppliers only produce the utmost quality of products. | Finance Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1.Where is the organization financially strong & weak as |Yes, the company has a high gross profit margin at 81. 5%, which indicates a strong | |indicated by financial ratio analyses? |position in the market. | |2. Can the organization raise needed short-term capital? |Yes, their operating activity ratios for the most part have improved. For example, their | | |inventory turnover decreased in 2009 to 4. 03 but then increased in 2010 to 8. 07. | |3. Can the organization raise needed long-term capital through |Yes, most of the company’s ratios seemed to have decreased in 2009, but most recuperated | |debt and/or equity? |in 2010. For xample, total asset turnover decreased in 2 009 to 0. 23 but then increased in| | |2010 to 0. 35. | |4. Does the organization have sufficient working capital? |Yes, the company’s working capital increased since 2009. In 2010, the working capital was | | |$18,991 million. | |5. Are capital budgeting procedures effective? |Yes, the company has decided to cut back in R costs in order to save capital | |6. Are dividend payout policies reasonable? |No, the payout for dividends is currently $. 20 per share which is $. 3 less than its | | |number one competitor, Proctor & Gamble | |7. Does the organization have good relations with its investors |Yes, all the financials are reported online and there is a sense of transparency with the | |and stockholders? |investors and the company. | |8. Are the organization’s financial managers experienced and well |Yes, all managers have experience prior to working at Pfizer | |trained? | | R Audit Checklist – Give an example for each response |1.Does the organization have R facilities? Are they adequate? |Yes, Pfizer has the world’s largest research. Pfizer has six main research locations, | | |which include: New York, California, Massachusetts, Connecticut, UK and Missouri. | |2. If outside R organizations are used, are they cost-effective? |N/A, Pfizer does not use outside R organizations. | |3. Are the organization’s R personnel well qualified? |Yes, Pfizer has a rigorous screening process for their scientists that work in R. This | | |is done to ensure a quality product. | |4. Are management information and computer systems adequate? Yes, Pfizer engaged PA Consulting Group to create and implement a rapid, insightful | | |information management solution that would help the company manage and derive value from | | |the wealth of project and agreement information. 14 | |5. Is communication between R and other organizational units |Yes, communication has to be effective when it comes to R and the other sectors. This | |effective? |has to be done to ensure safe, effective products. | |6. Are present products technologically competitive? |Yes, Pfizer has some of the leading medications in areas such as Internal Medicine.The | | |drug Lipitor is the leading drug for the reduction of cholesterol in the industry as of | |