Irregularities in Othello - 1716 Words

Irregularities in Othello The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay. In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello: Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arises from the fact that this leaves no time for her to have had â€Å"stol’n hours of lust,† certainly not to have enjoyed them repeatedly, as Iago alleges. In such allusions to frequent adultery as III.iii.340-43 and V.ii.211-12, Shakespeare slides over†¦show more content†¦It presents the general as an inconsistent character, unable to control his feelings at this time even though he has a hundred previous times controlled his feelings in exemplary fashion, in the manner of a general. In her book, Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the impropriety of the general’s treatment: Here time present, in which Desdemona speaks and sings, and time future, in which we know she (like Barbary) is to die from an absolute fidelity to her intuition of what love is and means, recede even as we watch into a lost time past, when Desdemona had a mother and all love’s agonies and complexities could be comprehended in a song. A song moreover, bringing to her consciousness the sheltered world in which she grew up, now balanced beside the world she chose. In that other world, her husband might have been a Venetian gentleman, someone like Lodovico perhaps – â€Å"a proper man,† she confides to Emilia – such a man as surely would never strike his wife in public or humiliate her in private as a common prostitute? (132) Is it logical for the hero to switch from his initial attitude toward his wife (â€Å"As this that I have reachd: for know, Iago, / But that I love the gentle Desdemona†) to one of total distrust -- even after Emilia assures him that there has been no opportunity for the unfaithfulness of which she is accused? OTHELLO. You have seen nothing then? EMILIA. NorShow MoreRelated The Dual Nature of Characters in Othello Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages The Dual Nature of Characters in Othellonbsp;nbsp; In Shakespeares tragedy, Othello, Iago is uncharacteristically honest when he says I am not what I am. However, he is not the only character whose appearance differs from the reality. Nonetheless, he is possibly the only person who intends this duplicity. Unfortunately everyone is under the impression that Iago is honest and just. Once alone, Iago reveals when devils will the blackest sins put on, they do suggest at first with heavenlyRead MoreHamlet, Prince Of Denmark1869 Words   |  8 Pagesin his essay. They are discussed below: The play Hamlet, core more on characters, not on action, using soliloquies. There is no strong sub-plot if we compare Hamlet with the other plays of Shakespeare like Macbeth or Othello. Play is full of seeing discontinuation and irregularities of action. The play lasts much more than usual plays at that time.(4 hours to 2 hours) According to Eliot that the failure of the drama lies not simply with the adaptation, plot construction and versification, but moreRead MoreShakespeare vs Dryden3975 Words   |  16 Pageswork between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying qualityRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesenvironment really saved? †¢ Germany’s solar subsidies, perhaps the most wasteful green scheme on earth, produce a mere 0.25 percent of the country’s energy and cost consumers as much as $125 billion. †¢ November’s â€Å"climategate† affair over irregularities in the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations body whose findings are the basis of all climate policy. Though a review panel has since cleared the researchers of most allegations, the lingering controversy

The Politics of Spying Essay - 1177 Words

Introduction This essay will consider the politics of spying. It will discuss examples of espionage as well as its necessity. The paper will also debate upon whether spying is an invasion of privacy and there for rights, or not. The essay begins by defining espionage. It offers examples of espionage and how it has been used by different countries in the past as well as how it is increasingly used today on a global scale. The paper concludes by offering the authors comments on spying as well as confirming or disconfirming its use as a tool in international relations 1.1. Defining espionage The definition of espionage according to different sources. .the use of secret agents to steal information from other governments, enemies and†¦show more content†¦Another reason why spying is seen as such a9 necessity is because it helps states when it comes to creating foreign policy. By knowing what goes on within the borders of another state, the said states know if they should relax or tighten controls on their foreign policy. The other large role spying plays is during meetings in which heads of military strategies how they will fight in a certain war or the battle tactics they will use to invade a state. One of the more basic uses of spying which is used within a state’s borders and within relations with states is for information gathering. many articles have come out in recent years which revolve around how the United States of America have been spying on their European allies as well as their heads of state for example the NSA was spying on German chancellor Angela Merkel. Most states belong to international governmental organisations such as the UN within these organisations representatives of states meet within a neutral setting and debate foreign policy as well as global issues. Here espionage is used quite frequently between the states for various reasons. 2.2. Espionage is an invasion of privacy. Espionage as a major invasion of privacy especially spying on a civilian population because all humans have a right to privacy and spying on people then infringes on this basic human right. Espionage between states is also seen as an invasion of privacy as whatShow MoreRelatedNSA Spying - What is Metadata and What Does the Law Say?1384 Words   |  6 PagesNSA Spying - What is Metadata and What Does the Law Say? Technology is in everything we do from using our home refrigerator, washer, cellular device, automobile, and or computer systems. When using certain devices you pass information to others pertaining to personal and private information. This information or metadata could be a bank account or credit card number, pin, and or password that we unconsciously share. We randomly give away this information at a dentist or doctor’s office, the localRead MoreShould Theu.s. Be Spying On Its Friends? U.s. Government?1195 Words   |  5 PagesShould the U.S. be spying on its friends? The U.S. government and so many of governments spy on their friends and enemies; the indignant news shocks leaders. October. 25, 2013, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany met with European leaders in Brussels express the concern about American spying. Germany was angry at the U.S. government for spying on Chancellor Angela Merkel. At the same time, Brazil and Mexico were also concerned that the National Secur ity Agency is overhearing about their leadersRead MoreThe Impact of the Watergate Scandal 1366 Words   |  6 Pageswith Vietnam, Beijing, and Russia to improve international relations (Emery 4). Raising international toughness made Nixon seem like the most worthy person to stay president. Fred Emery analyses in his novel Watergate: The Corruption of American Politics and the Fall of Richard Nixon, the president was also setting up the first summit meeting in history with Soviet Union Presidents (3). There seemed to be nothing capable of holding the seemingly responsible man back. However, this assurance cameRead MoreHamlet: The Epitome of Timeless Literature Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough it followed the same pattern; a king is killed by his brother who then marries his wife, in the meanwhile the prince has to avenge his father while avoiding being killed by the new king. Shakespeare’s innovation of adding in the aspect of politics drives the play to be a successfu l hit in every decade. People can always relate to deception, and Shakespeare has done it both politically and personally. It starts off with political deception by finding out that the king is dead and Claudius hasRead MoreAnalysis of Defense Intelligence Agency999 Words   |  4 Pagestoo, according to the same source. With the budget deficits, the DIA budget didn’t authorized to expand its payroll. It is said DIA rather reassigned its existing people to clandestine spying instead. Instead of focusing on wars in country like Afghanistan, the DIA now started focusing on emerging threats (e.g. spying on Islamist militants). According to another source, even today, DIA provides important information on foreign military intelligence, political assessments, troop movement, weapons distributionRead MoreThe Works of George Orwell1347 Words   |  5 Pagesjoined the military service for five years before he returned to England and began his writing career. George Orwell is able to influence so many people today because of his relatablitity. Normally the people who talk about the dangers of government spying are politicians who are part of that elite class. George Orwell, on the other hand, was not able to afford the highest education possible and had to face numerous struggles during his youth. The most prevalent of these were his constant battle withRead More Analysis of In the Lake of the Woods by Tim OBrien Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesJohn is very expressive with parts of her body that he wanted to be at one with, which leads me to believe that he possibly could have eaten Kathy. It is to our knowledge that John was afraid of losing Kathy. His fear of loss led him onto the path of spying on her. At first he felt guilt for his doing, yet he got satisfaction in it. ?A quick powerful rush. He knew things he shouldn?t know.? John is lost without Kathy, ?he said she was his compass?. John compared his love with Kathy as two snakes. ? LikeRead MoreEdward Snowden Film Review Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesNSA life behind him. He rejoins his wife and settles his life. After a while he rejoins the FBI after his first mentor convinces him to be a part of a project in Hawaii. He decides to go. The second plot point is when he finds out his superiors are spying on him. Act III begins with him trying to get the files from the FBI to release them to the press. He succeeds and then proceeds to tell the media and begins to run away from the government. Till he becomes stranded in Moscow. The movie ends withRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Dangers Of Power Through A Totalitarian Government1186 Words   |  5 Pagesstrongly displayed the theme of the dangers of power through a totalitarian government. Not only were Orwell’s ideas of corruption in an all-powerful government portrayed in his novel, 1984, but comparisons can be made with the story’s points of a spying authority, keeping the lower class ignorant, and an unscrupulous corporate influence with America’s power-heads today. Big Brother could be considered the main antagonist of George Orwell’s 1984. Serving as a constant watchmen over the citizensRead MoreDemocratic Peace Theory1319 Words   |  6 Pagesdecide is bad because the average person does not think rationally, they think emotionally which leads to more problems. Take the Cold War of the United States against the USSR as an example of how emotions almost destroyed two nations. People were spying on their own family members out of fear of being branded a communist and the fear of nuclear annihilation was ever present danger that children were doing drills in case of nuclear fallout. Had it not been for Gorbachev assuming power in Russia and

The Environmental and Natural Resources Samples for Students

Question: Identify at least Ten Sustainability Issues that you belive are Important in Engineering ? Answer: Introduction Issues related to Environmental and natural resources have increasingly gained importance in the recent half of the 20th century and the onset of the 21st century. The ever increasing populations across the world have resulted in an escalating burden on natural resources such as water bodies, land, and air. Thus concerns on the survival of these natural resources regarding the increasing human population is becoming a global issue(A.K. Mehrotra 2008, 234). Sustainability is the study of how the systems that exist naturally persistently operate to produce the requirements for the ecosystem entirely to remain in a state of equilibrium. There are pillars which contribute to the social science of sustainable existence i.e. the social, economic and environmental pillars. Thus the problems associated with these pillars forms the issues particularly in engineering fields, and a formidable action should be taken to avert possible threats to sustainability(Bobok 2009, 556). Abstract This paper focuses on the various sustainability issues that are related to oil and gas industry. These problems pose threats to the existence of sustainable development both to and should be taken seriously for the betterment of future of humankind. Some of the possible measures that should be taken to combating some of these issues are also discussed. Further, the factors that have contributed to the cause of the major issue of the greenhouse gas emission is elaborated(Bobok 2009, 560). Findings There exist numerous issues associated with the petroleum industry. They include Environmental issues such as the greenhouse gas emissions. Oil and gas companies produce a high level of greenhouse gasses as contrasted with other sectors. Oil production entails various processes such as venting, the release of natural gas (methane) and flaring. These gasses are toxic since; ethane is twenty-five times more potential to promoting global warming than carbon IV oxide .besides, the drilling, and production process entail the full spread application of various engine systems and compressors which emit a larger percentage of greenhouse gas. Although regulations on greenhouse gas emission have been put into place and other policies in different countries that chiefly produce oil and gas, predominant laws are significantly hindered in the leading economies such as Canada and USA(Borho 2009, 672). General climate change- climate change is also another critical issue associated with oil and gas industry. Just like other fossils, the production and transportation of oil and its use have very many impacts to the environment. The production of oil results to pollution of air, emission of harmful gasses such as methane into the atmosphere thus resulting in greenhouse gasses effect and destruction of the wilderness. These impacts consequently lead to change in the climate, and with time, it becomes even a threat to the oil and gas production sector itself. Moreover, the emission of carbon IV oxide gas into the atmosphere results in the formation of a thick coating layer or global warming thereby increasing the temperatures in the earths atmosphere(Borho 2009, 675). Land disruption- despite being one of the major contributors in the energy sector, oil production causes severe soil pollution from its output to transportation. Oil spillage on land deprives the soil of its minerals thus rendering it infertile and posing a significant threat to agriculture and the economic development of a country at large. The production of oil at the offshore has produced large oil spillage including a major spillage from Nova Scotia offshore that destroyed the Gulf of Mexico back in 2010(Boyun Guo 2011, 198). The spread of toxic materials- the production of oil involve the use of very many chemicals which are toxic in nature. In cases of oils spillage, this spillage may affect marine life either through inhaling, ingestion of or through direct contact. Some of these chemicals when inhaled may cause suppression of the immune system and in some cases cancer which consequently results in reproductive collapse. Also, other organs such as the brain, kidney and the liver may get damaged(Congrui Jin 2016, 872). Disruption of the scenic views and the clear night skies the machinery involved in the oil production process as well as the gas flares destroys the scenic values which in turn affects major traveling aircraft routes. An example is the Americas oil and gas boom that is even clear when viewed from space in which the oil fields of Bakken burns nearly as shining as Minneapolis and Chicago city. Below is a picture showing the effect(DR. John C. Reis 2013, 554). Irreversible damage to land the construction operations that are associated with gas and oil drilling always leave an irreversible impact on the area. Thus it becomes hard for the development of roads and well pad. These damages not only destroy the habitats of land animals but also leads to increased erosion and stripping of the vegetation. Below is how this oil and gas production effect impacts the ground(DR. John C. Reis 2013, 266). Air and water pollution- the emission of the toxic gasses compromises the clean air that is inhaled. As a result of lack of proper strategy on dealing with the emitted gasses, they are permitted to flow into the atmosphere or even in water sources. This results in pollution since the plant life is cut short. Besides, the in the western states these forms of pollution are turning into the ground level; ozone layer increasing the number of organic compounds which set back human beings and the plants(David S. Goldstein 2011, 177). Corruption in the petroleum industry there exist little if no transparency and accountability in the oil sector as most revenues does not get published and most the payments that are made to the government to exploit the resources always stays unconcealed. Often, the hunt for sources of oil results to operations in areas that are characterized by political unsteadiness, dishonest business dealings, and violence. Though such places in most cases provide strong prospects for development, the firm standard prices are likely to degrade as soon as investors become unrelaxed with political instability for fear of chaos erupting.(David S. Goldstein 2011, 998). Deteriorating biodiversity- most of the plant, land and sea life is affected by the oil and gas production. Increased vehicle traffic at the gas and oil production sites substantially leads to noise pollution in the wild lands. These wild animals and the birds respond by fleeing away and may be vulnerable to roadkill. Moreover, during nesting and breeding season the songbird communication is affected as well as the alteration of dynamics of the prey and the predator(ESOMBA 2008, 543). Health and safety issues health and security operations that are free from incidences are an essential factor to increased productivity and efficiency at large. Both the processes taking place at the offshore and onshore have high possibilities of health and safety occurrences which can have devastating consequences. An incident that occurred in the Macondo offshore explosion in 2010 claimed the lives of 11 people while many sustained injuries. Also, since the production process involves emissions of gasses that increases the temperatures, there are high risks of fire outbreaks that may lead to deaths(Engineers 2013, 890). Solutions to some of the Challenges Health and safety issues as discussed above, the health problems related to the oil production process mostly occur at the offshore. Moreover, the high temperatures expose humans to high risks of deaths as a result of the fire. The best strategy to curb this problem is automation of these processes. This will ensure that all the processes that are involved from the production process to the transportation are automated and do not require the presences of a human. This reduces the chances of injuries to people in cases of any outbreaks(Engineers 2013, 321). A case study is the shell, Rockwell oil and gas plant. Philip Tracy states that oil and gas producers are working hard to ensure they drill through a period manifested by a historically lower power barrel oil costs. Thus its more crucial to reducing the maintenance and repair costs. In that line, shell plant has gone more digital to producing slightly over 25000 wells worldwide, and many of the wells are situated in challenging areas i.e. over a thousand meters underground. They have managed to solve this by applying a smart field technology which involves the installation of communication systems such as sensors on its equipments(Environment 2012, 511). For example, the pumps and the valves, the primary function of theses sensors is to detect the changes in various variables such as temperature, pressures among other parameters then sends signals to the control system which may be a programmable logic control to take an appropriate action. Furthermore, the engineers get to monitor and optimize each process. When the sensors are incorporated it means that the duty that would have been performed by people is taken care of thus there are almost zero chances of accidents happening, or in case there is an accident here will be no casualties(Environment 2012, 515). This technology has promoted an increased production of oil and gas commodities as well as minimizing the downtime and improvement of the overall oil and gas recovery. Furthermore, the overall production costs are reduced while reducing the risks that are associated with health which is a greater benefit(Speight 2016, 422). Philip Tracy further proceeds to explain that the process involved in converting the hydrocarbons which are turned in the underground into gas to be used for filling personal cars is very involving. Hence all the process starting from the extraction, the refining processes, and transportation to gas station necessitates high efficiency and reliability which is seen in the Rockwell Automation on how they have managed to tackle the complex situations. They are using Microsoft services in the field which entails a combination of sensors, software and solution based on a cloud to predict and analyses the material failure, monitor the performance as well as improving the designs while preventing future breakdowns(Environment 2012, 520). According to Rockwell, one pump in the offshore rig can bring operations to a stop and result in a loss of $100000 to $ 300000 in a single day. Thus the smart drilling system is of much benefit. The Rockwell Company is also underway with processes of providing smart gas pumps which will be able to collect data and convey it on a dashboard to be viewed by Android, PC or windows phone user. Greenhouse emissions- the gasses from greenhouse emissions are harmful and toxic to the environment. They are as a result of some activities that control measures have been neglected, and they primarily affect both human and the atmosphere adversely. The carbon and methane gas emissions eventually lead to increased global warming and consequently change the climate. Therefore, appropriate measures should be put into place into the oil and gas plants to reduce their emissions(Sohrab Zendehboudi 2016, 326). For instance, a case study on a program that fights for the environmental standard, ExxonMobil recognizes that the venting emissions in 2015 was approximated to be six million metric tons of carbon iv oxide and have been radically reduced due to the measures applied. The fugitive and venting measures primarily methane is averagely 5 % of the direct greenhouse gas emissions and the putting up of cost effective measures such as substituting the high bleed pneumatic devices using a minimized radiation technology and leading the greenhouse completions towards the upstream operations has effectively worked(Erik Eberhardt 2007, 333). Furthermore, an XTO energy company manages the carbon and methane emissions by applying containment practices during the process of drilling, completion as well as during the production operations. The emissions are additionally regulated by a mixture of regulatory and voluntary actions such as the implementations of leak detection techniques and maintenance programmers. These are aided through the uses of sensors which will help to sense the changes during the production and transportation process. Furthermore after the drilling operations of a new well, the workers ensure proper preparation of the production equipments by making sure that the products of the natural gas are confined by the product material by optimizing the sensors and imaging cameras, the leakage parts that would not be quickly realized or visible are easily located and appropriate measures are taken(G.G. Nasr 2014, 810). Another test that helps to curb the greenhouse emission effects is the cogeneration technology which seizures the heat that is produced during the oil and gas production .the cogeneration facilities contribute to minimizing the gas emissions, and they approximately prevent 6 million metric tons of the greenhouse emissions annually. In conclusion, promoting the construction of the cogeneration facilities will greatly help to minimize the greenhouse gas emissions, already the ExxonMobil has started the construction of an 84-megawatt cogeneration facility in Singapore sites(G.G. Nasr 2014, 813). Land use pattern and biodiversity-most of the plant, land and sea life is affected by the oil and gas production. Increased vehicle traffic at the gas and oil production sites substantially leads to noise pollution in the wild lands. These wild animals and the birds respond by fleeing away and may be vulnerable to roadkill. Moreover, during nesting and breeding season the songbird communication is affected as well as the alteration of dynamics of the prey and the predator. Moreover, oil production causes severe land pollution from its output to transportation. Oil spillage on land deprives the soil of its minerals thus rendering it infertile and posing a significant threat to agriculture and the economic development of a country at large. The of production oil at the offshore has produced large oil spillage including a major spillage from Nova Scott offshore that destroyed the Gulf of Mexico back in 2010(Saleh 2015, 76). Thus, appropriate measures such as the use of downhole oil and water separation techniques, these techniques ensures that water and oil are separated when still within the wellbore so that only gas or oil that contains little amount of water is conveyed to the surface. This is aided by the use of downhole monitoring equipments and cables(Howard B. Bradley 2007, 294). Also, the treatment of the water from the oil plant before being taken into the atmosphere. Once the water is treated, it will be very safe to use in agricultural operations such as irrigation or any other secondary industrial operations. Moreover, the treated water can also be used beneficially in fire operations .a case study is in the western USA where reports have it that larger amounts of the produced water are used as sources of firefighting operations at Colorado and Durango .furthermore, the reusing of the water is also an important measure. When the water is reused once again in the production process, both the plant and marine life will not be affected since there are no emissions(Huacan Fang 2014, 447). Other measures of curbing land and water pollution are the freeze-thaw evaporation process whereby individual process such as a freezing and conventional evaporations of the produced water is applied. The produced water is cooled at very low temperatures such that it starts to crystallize. After that, the ice is collected and melted to produce clean water for use(Rusco 2010, 200). Contributing Factors of Greenhouse Emission The challenge associated with greenhouse emissions have been mostly provided by the original design of the oil and gas plants .the design of the system does not allow for an appropriate measure to curb the emissions from being permitted into the atmosphere. Engineers have played a role in propagating this challenge and if not keenly looked into it will have adverse effects shortly. There is no proper measure that was employed during the design, and thus the carbon and methane gasses freely go into the atmosphere and consequently result in global warming and climate change. If appropriate measures such as rechanneling of the carbon and emissions into underground storage channels were put into place during the design process, this issue would not be a factor(Hurst 2009, 835). Furthermore, the design has not fully incorporated the use of efficient technologies to avert the problems that may be associated with fire or accidents from the oil and gas plant. For instance the oil spillage at the offshore. If the control devices such as the sensors were incorporated into the design, then it would have been easy to notice a situation where there are leakages and thus preventing the occurrences of accidences and deaths. Thus new technologies if adopted would help solve these challenges(John R. Fanchi 2016, 118). Other factors that have contributed to the lack of proper regulations on the production of oil and gas production companies. There are many oil and gas production plants worldwide which produce petroleum oil in large quantities annually. Bearing in mind that it is all these processes that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions starting from the extraction, production and transportation process. Despite all theses, there have been limited regulations which would help to avert the greenhouse gas emissions(Mahto 2016, 721). If there were conditions that a company should meet to embark on the production process, the emissions would have been reduced with its general accompanying effects. For instance, if these enterprises would be required to embrace the cogeneration technology which seizures the heat that is produced during the oil and gas production. Setting up a cogeneration facility before the setting of the plant as a requirement would be of much significance(Mian 2007, 532). Besides, putting up of cost effective measures such as substituting the high bleed pneumatic devices using a minimized emission technology and directing the greenhouse completions towards the upstream operations has effectively worked as a limit would consequently help to curb this challenge(Norman Myers 2013, 184). Conclusion Issues related to the oil and gas production should be taken into keen consideration to prevent adverse effects from occurring in the near future. Primarily these challenges contribute to global warming and climate change which is not desirable for both plant and human life. Thus applying some of the recommended measures would help to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions and other resulting impacts(world 2010, 377). References A.K. Mehrotra, R.K. Singhal. 2008. Environmental Issues and Waste Management in Energy and Mineral Production. new york: CRC Press. Bobok, E. 2009. Fluid Mechanics for Petroleum Engineers. westminster: Elsevier,. Borho, Todd. 2009. Making The Oligarchy Obsolete Defining Problems of Coercion and Seeking Voluntary Solutions. chicago: Lulu.com. Boyun Guo. 2011. Petroleum Production Engineering, A Computer-Assisted Approach. manchester: Gulf Professional Publishing,. Congrui Jin, Gianluca Cusatis. 2016. New Frontiers in Oil and Gas Exploration. london: Springer,. David S. Goldstein, Rhonda A. Jones. 2011. Petroleum Engineering Practice Problem Manual. chicago: Professional Publications. John C. Reis, Ph.D. 2013. Environmental Control in Petroleum Engineering. london: Gulf Professional Publishing,. Engineers, Society of Petroleum. 2013. Journal of Petroleum Technology: Official Monthly Publication of the Petroleum Branch. new york: AIME. Environment, National Council for Science and the. 2012. The Climate Solutions Consensus:. carlisle: Island Press. Erik Eberhardt, Doug Stead, Tom Morrison. 2007. Rock Mechanics: Meeting Society's Challenges and Demands,. chicago: CRC Press,. ESOMBA, STEVE Dr. 2008. LASTING SOLUTION TO OIL-AND-FOOD CRISES. chicago: Lulu.com. G.G. Nasr, N.E. Connor. 2014. Natural Gas Engineering and Safety Challenges: Downstream Process, Analysis, Utilization and Safety. london: Springer International Publishing. Howard B. Bradley, Fred W. Gipson. 2007. Petroleum engineering handbook. new york: Society of Petroleum Engineers,. Huacan Fang, Menglan Duan. 2014. Offshore Operation Facilities: Equipment and Procedures. chicago: Gulf Professional Publishing. Hurst, William. 2009. Advances in petroleum engineering. new york: PenWell Pub. Co. John R. Fanchi, Richard L. Christiansen. 2016. Introduction to Petroleum Engineering. carlisle: John Wiley Sons. Mahto, Vikas. 2016. Khanna's Objective Questions in Petroleum Engineering. edinburgh: Khanna Publishing. Mian, Mohammed A. 2007. Petroleum Engineering Handbook for the Practicing Engineer, Volume 1. london: PennWell Books,. Norman Myers, Scott Spoolman. 2013. Environmental Issues and Solutions: A Modular Approach. london: Cengage Learning,. Rusco, Frank. 2010. Oil and Gas Management: Interior's Oil and Gas Production Verification Efforts . leicester: DIANE Publishing,. Saleh, Tawfik A. 2015. Advances in Chemical and Materials Engineering. chicago: IGI Global. Shulk, bernard F. 2002. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases in the United States . manchester: DIANE Publishing. Sohrab Zendehboudi, Alireza Bahadori. 2016. Shale Oil and Gas Handbook: Theory, Technologies, and Challenges. new york: Elsevier Science. Speight, James G. 2016. Deep Shale Oil and Gas. chicago: Elsevier Science Technology. world, Petroleum. 2010. Petroleum Engineering Handbook ..., Issue 1. london: Petroleum world